Hazards

• Structural hazards

  • Resource conflict (mostly in multiple issue machines; also for resources which are used for more than one cycle see later)

• Data dependencies

  • Most common RAW but also WAR and WAW in OOO execution

• Control hazards

  • Branches and other flow of control disruptions

• Consequence: stalls in the pipeline

  • Equivalently: insertion of bubbles or of no-ops

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