From 32b to 64b ISA’s

• The most costly design error: addressing space too small

  • 16 bits PDP-11 led to 32-bit Vax
  • 32 bits can only address 4 Gbytes so move to 64 bits

• Start from scratch: Dec Alpha

  • Still more or less tailored after MIPS ISA

• Start from scratch: Intel IA-64 (Merced)

• With backward compatibility

  • MIPS III ( implemented as MIPS R4000) and MIPS IV (R10000)
  • HP PA-8000
  • Sun Sparc V8 and V9 (UltraSparc)
  • IBM /Motorola Power PC 620

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