History

• 1943: McCulloch–Pitts “neuron”

  • Started the field

• 1962: Rosenblatt’s perceptron

  • Learned its own weight values; convergence proof

• 1969: Minsky & Papert book on perceptrons

  • Proved limitations of single-layer perceptron networks

• 1982: Hopfield and convergence in symmetric networks

  • Introduced energy-function concept

• 1986: Backpropagation of errors

  • Method for training multilayer networks

• 1990s: Machine learning and spiking networks

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