Constructing digital machines

• Digital: Discrete-valued symbols

  • Transistor switches have 2 simple states (on/off)
  • Encode binary symbols implicitly

• Combinational logic: Circuits without memory

  • Logic devices form Boolean primitives
    • Example: a NOR gate

• Sequential logic: Circuits with memory (state)

  • Feedback stores logic values
    • Example: a latch

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