Linear shift-invariant filters
This pattern is very common
     - same entries in each row
     - all non-zero entries near the diagonal
It is known as a linear shift-invariant filter and is
represented by a kernel (or mask) h:
and can be written (for kernel of size 2k+1) as:
The above allows negative filter indices.  When
you implement need to use:  h[u+k] instead of h[u]