Deformable Subdivision Lattices

These jiggly objects were created using deformable subdivision lattices.  Subdivision lattices are a generalization of Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces.  Their boundary meshes are exactly Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces, but there are also internal vertices, edges, and faces, which delineate polyhedral cells.  The control mesh of a lattice is deformed using the laws of physics.  Two models of deformation are supported, one which is based on the Hookean spring, and another that attempts to maintain the volume but not the shape of the object.


This animation was created by treating each vertex in the lattice as a point mass and each edge as a spring.  In order to ensure that the lattice returns to it's original shape after external forces are removed, the control lattice is tetrahedralized prior to simulation.  Although the simulation is done on the control mesh, the subdivision rules can be applied to display the object as it deforms.



This animation shows a simulation in which the squeezed blob does not return to its original shape when the external forces are removed.  As in the previous simulation, the vertices are treated like point masses.  But instead of being pushed around by springs along the edges, forces on the vertices arise due to changes in volume.  Each cell in the lattice attempts to maintain its volume, and exerts a force on its vertices in order to reduce or increase its volume.  This model is much like a flexible bag of gas.