Laser Cutting

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# Manufacturing Access & Brief Intro to Laser Cutting

CSE493e, Fall 2024
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# Important Reminder

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![:qrhere](nil)]

## Make sure zoom is running and recording!!!
## Check on zoom buddies
## Make sure captioning is turned on

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# Exclude after planning is done

- Bring scissors 
- Have a demo of building something from flat to 3D ready to show (including the wood with the punched out pieces so they understand how to layout SVGs in Tinkercad)

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[//]: # (Outline Slide)
# Learning Goals for today
- Brief introduction to Making and Accessibility
- Brief introduction to Laser Cutting 
- Actually preparing an item to laser cut
- How to make a laser cut object
- Cover some uses of laser cutting for accessibility

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# Making in an accessibility course? Why?

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What is craft?
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- Fits real needs
- Comfortable
- Loving
- .lowlight[Creative]
- Practical
- .lowlight[Healing]
- .lowlight[Empowering]
- .lowlight[Subversive]

]

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![:img A picture of Jen's child 3 at age wearing a white knit sweater; knit mittens and a knit hat. The mittens are a bit too large and he has his hands raised in the air to show them off and a smile on his face., 100%, width](img/3dprinting/arun-knitting.png)
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# Making in an accessibility course? Why?

.column[
What is craft?
]

.column[
- Fits real needs
- Comfortable
- Loving
- .lowlight[Creative]
- Practical
- **Healing**
- **Empowering**
- .lowlight[Subversive]
]

.column[
![:img A picture of two different /knockers/: realistic stuffed crochet breasts for use by breast cancer survivors, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/knockers.png)
]

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# Making in an accessibility course? Why?

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What is craft?

[Vice Article](https://www.vice.com/en/article/8qwpzb/mark-my-words-the-subversive-history-of-women-using-thread-as-ink)
]

.column[
- Fits real needs
- Comfortable
- Loving
- **Creative**
- Practical
- Healing
- Empowering
- **Subversive**
]

.column[
![:img A picture of two  embroidered articles. The first dates back to 1890 and is the work of a German seamstress who had been consigned to an asylum. embroidered script in German is visible on a hanging piece of cloth. The second is an embroidered tv. Inside it is an image of a naked woman looking into a mirror with the word /Censored/ over her breasts where they show on the mirror. The image says /new mirrors by Facebook/ and /patriarchy approved/, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/subversive.png)
]

???
dating back to the 1890s, it's the work of a German seamstress who had been consigned to an asylum. Although it's often falsely described as her straitjacket, it was actually cut and assembled from a hospital gown, tailored and then turned into an autobiography wrought on fabric.

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[Facebook Fashion Discrimination](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/11/style/disabled-fashion-facebook-discrimination.html)

![:img Two pictures of women wearing a gray cardigan and black pants. One is a white woman standing looking over her left shoulder as her white blond hair waves in the wind. She stands on a white featureless background. The other has brown skin and black hair and is posed in a wheelchair. Two pots with arrangements of dried flowers set the scene, 40%, width](img/3dprinting/fashion.png)

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# What is craft?

- 1000s of years old
- Highly skilled
- Only labeled “arts and crafts” after the industrial revolution
- Often centered in women’s “busy” work
- Sometimes entrepreneurial 
- Exceptional at addressing unique and individual needs

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![:img Three textbooks (Adapt my world by J. Rose Laxen; Illustrated guide to Assistive Technology & Devices by Suzanne Robitaille; and Assistive Technology Solutions in Minutes Book II by Therese Willkomm) and A screenshot of the Thingiverse website showing 3D printed accessibility technologies collected by user @glitchpudding last updated on July 22 i 2016, 50%, width](img/3dprinting/books-at.png)

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# Modern crafting technology
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- New ways to ideate and create
 - Faster, easier, sometimes better
- New ways to customize
 - Faster iteration
 - Mass customization
- New materials
- New and/or more complicated shapes
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![:youtube Video of child using a 3D printed hand, WoZ2BgPVtA0]

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# DIY Accessibility

Rapid iteration can help with accessible design

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![:img Rainbow loom to assist with knitting, 50%, width](img/3dprinting/rainbow-loom.jpg)
![:img Red knitting loom with white hooks to aid accessibility, 45%, width](img/3dprinting/loom.png)

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![:youtube Xbox adaptive controller intro, 9fcK19CAjWM]
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# DIY Accessibility
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[Interactiles: 3D Printed Tactile Interfaces to Enhance Mobile Touchscreen Accessibility](https://make4all.org/portfolio/interactiles/) (ASSETS 2018)

![:img A picture of a mobile phone with a tangible scroll bar and number pad built into its case to help improve blind interaction with the phone,50%, width ](img/3dprinting/interactiles.png)

]

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Combination of materials
- Silicon & sewn conductive thread (could use conductive powder instead)
- Nuts and bolts
]

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# Pause and discuss

Try to think of some everyday objects that could be made more accessible (customized through DIY making)

Pair & share; Post on [Ed](https://edstem.org/us/courses/56844/discussion/5641954)
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# Today we will focus on a particular kind of fabrication: Laser Cutting

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# Example: Bagholder

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![:img A handle with hooks below it to make it more comfortable to hold a bag , 100%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-bagholder.png)
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[Instructables project](https://www.instructables.com/Making-a-laser-cut-bag-holder/)

Examples In Tinkercad: [1](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/iR1ogjaD0a9) [2](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/lhLixGNHxFe-bag-holder) [3](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/8Cu8NS0Ws2n) [4](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/3gfeTggL15I) [5](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/h9xkhbg6dgE) [6](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/6OoyVYTHOU4)
How could you modify this to make it more comfortable?

]

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# Example: Book Opener ([Etsy](https://www.etsy.com/listing/883330413/book-buddy-book-holder-wood-thumb-page))

.left-column50[![:img Wooden items decoratively shaped but all relatively wide and flat with a finger hole for holding a book open, 80%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-bookopener.png)]
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Example In Tinkercad: [1](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/a5riyLRKUBU)
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# Example: Cup Holder ([T:1863196](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1863196))

![:img A ring that fits a cup with two holes to attach a string and hang it around ones neck, 50%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-hanging-cupholder.png)

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# Example: Key Guard ([T:1365497](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1365497))

![:img A flat rectangle with a few inner shapes to make it easier to press keys in known locations, 50%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-keyguard.png)

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# Example: Bottle Opener ([T:40131](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:40131))

![:img A keyhole-shaped object with a semicircle of teeth at top that can grasp a bottle lid and handles that can be pressed together to apply leverage to the teeth and turn, 40%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-bottle-opener.png)
Example in Tinkercad: [1](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/9SmzdtgJ9Ou) [2](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/gt2P9U1njre) [3](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/kUCNz3pnKIG) [4](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/l7ol57fDvi3) [5](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/lbPdLUKzzoP)

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# Example: Key Handle ([T:2802082](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2802082))

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![:img A flat item with an opening shaped to hold a door key so as to make it easier to grasp and turn, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-keyhandle.png)
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How would you attach this securely?
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# Example: Pillbox ([Etsy](https://www.etsy.com/listing/1321874671/laser-cut-3-or-4-mm-18-inch-svg-7-days?ga_order=most_relevant&ga_search_type=all&ga_view_type=gallery&ga_search_query=laser+cut+pill&ref=sr_gallery-1-6&organic_search_click=1))
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![:img A box with weekday labels broken into sections for each day that can hold pills, 80%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-pillbox.png)
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Probably made with [boxes.py](https://www.instructables.com/Lasercut-Little-Wood-Boxes/)
![:img Pictures of laser cut boxes, 80%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-boxes.png)
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# Example: Cutting Board ([rehab-store.com](https://www.rehab-store.com/p-one-handed-deluxe-maple-cutting-board.html))

![:img A cutting board with nails and ridges to make it easier for someone with lower hand dexterity to cut, 35%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-cutting.jpeg) Examples in Tinkercad: [1](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/iWToRbHgluC) [2](https://www.tinkercad.com/things/eDCKLmKA0MA)

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# Example: Keyboard Risers ([Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/SUPBEE-Laptop-Computer-Keyboard-Pockets/dp/B0B21VHY57))

![:img Wedges for changing the angle of a keyboard for accessibility, 35%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-supbee-keyboard.jpg)

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# Next steps

- Now it's time to think about what you might want to make
- Talk to your neighbor
  - Post on [Ed](https://edstem.org/us/courses/67367/discussion/4829755)!

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# How Laser Cutting works

class A,B,D blue
class E green
</div>

We're using a [Glowforge](https://glowforge.com/). 
- It takes SVGs as input
- It can engrave, cut, etc
- We're providing plywood, 3mm thick [double check with calipers]
- We will not engrave during lab, it slows things down too much, but we may cut

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# What can you do?

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![:img Illustration of cutting scoring and engraving first with those words and then with stars. Cutting cuts a hole; Scoring outlines something; and Engraving burns it into the wood, 70%, width](img/3dprinting/laser-Cut-Score-Engrave.png)
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Cutting: Makes a hole

Scoring: Doesn't cut all the way through. Use a different color

Engraving: Burns. Can do greyscale.
- Images.  Make sure they're not too dark. 
- Add in a drawing program after Tinkercad
]

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# How we will create SVGS

First create a design in TinkerCAD (or other CAD software if you know it well)
- You should group everything together that is touching
- Place it carefully. The base plane will determine what is part of the final SVG
- We will not engrave during lab, it slows things down too much, but we may cut
- Export it as SVG (demo)
   - Include mm as units

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# Your process

1. Measure your object
2. Make an svg of your design
3. Print it on paper
4. Cut it out and check your measurements AGAIN
5. Iterate
6. Upload it to our drive
7. Sand, glue & paint (if you want)

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# Example: My bag holder

.left-column50[![:img Screenshot of a bagholder in tinkercad titled Mankoff Bag Hanger - V1, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/bagholder-tinkercad.png)
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# First print: On Paper

.left-column50[![:img Initial design printed on paper is about the size of a single finger, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/tiny.jpg)]

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# Measuring

.left-column50[![:img Calipers stretch the width of four fingers and show a measurement of about 76mm , 100%, width](img/3dprinting/measuring.jpg)
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# Other Important Measurements

The amount of wood removed by the laser cutter as it burns through the wood.

Should always test for each new type of wood and wood thickness

[Instructable](https://www.instructables.com/How-to-Adjust-for-Wood-Thickness-and-Kerf-on-a-Las/) on how to do this

Only an issue if you're making a box or something else that has to assemble

Use calipers to measure!

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# Reprinted on paper

.right-column50[Reason? I used 76mm for the *outer* dimension instead of the *inner* one!]

.left-column50[![:img Another print on paper is still too small, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/measurement-error.jpg)]

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# Final print

.right-column50[Do you see the problem with this design?]
.left-column50[![:img A laser cut bag holder big enough for a hand!, 100%, width](img/3dprinting/first-print.jpg)]

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# Next class

Come prepared to design: 
[TinkerCad](https://www.tinkercad.com/dashboard)

[Adobe Illustrator](https://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator.html). Best for most tasks if you have it

[AutoCAD](https://www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview?term=1-YEAR&tab=subscription) (free for students). Probably overkill

[Inkscape](https://www.autodesk.com/products/autocad/overview?term=1-YEAR&tab=subscription) (free). Best free option

Can even use powerpoint

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# Now: time to start your design

(Pen and paper first)