background-image: url(img/people.png) .left-column50[ # Picking Good Problems: Design for and With People with Disabilities CSE493e, Fall 2024 ] --- name: normal layout: true class: --- # Important Reminder .left-column[ ] ## This is an important reminder ## Check on zoom buddies ## Make sure zoom is running and recording!!! --- # Deadline reminders - Final call for slides - 24 hour window for presentation competency is NOW! --- # How can we approach Accessible Design Inclusively and Ethically (1/4) - Accommodation - Co-producing access for all participants in a space or event - Legally mandated, but also so much more --- # How can we approach Accessible Design Inclusively and Ethically (2/4) - Accommodation - Universal Design - One design works for everybody - Typical example: curb cuts -- **Why is this problematic?** --- # How can we approach Accessible Design Inclusively and Ethically (3/4) - Accommodation - Universal Design - Ability-Based Design - Jacob Wobbrock - Technology that adapts to the abilities of the user in their current context -- **Why is this problematic?** --- # How can we approach Accessible Design Inclusively and Ethically (4/4) - Accommodation - Universal Design - Ability-Based Design - Jacob Wobbrock - [Design for User Empowerment](https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/2723869) -- Richard Ladner - Centers self-determination - Requires user to help implement --- # Design A11yhood - Emphasizes agency and control - Provides for flexibility and adaptation - Supports creativity and hackery - Focuses on problems that disabled people care about - Includes diversity --- # Disability Tropes (1/5) - Ableist designs of "mainstream" technology - Leave people out (AI today; iPhone years ago) - Or leave them out of key areas (Canvas TA interface a few years ago) --- background-image: url(img/accessibility/old-phones.jpg) .left-column[ ## .white[Case Study: The iPhone] .white[ MacWorld Keynote '07 ]] ??? Originally neither universal design nor ability-based design Here is an [interview (4:03-4:32) with Liz Jackson](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uvgXeCe6n10): iPhone screens are a product of accessible technology created from the ingenuity of a disabled person. --- background-image: url(img/accessibility/jobs-iphone.jpg) .bottom[ .white[The phone Jobs is holding is small, flat, and without any tangible information accessible to a blind person] ] ??? Originally neither universal design nor ability-based design --- .left-column[ ## SlideRule: The first mobile screen reader] .right-column[  ] --- ## SlideRule: The first mobile screen reader ![:youtube SlideRule Video, 496IAx6_xys] ??? Describe what happened a little more when presenting it --- # Translation to iPhone .column[ .centerh[  ] ] .column[ .centerh[  ] ] .column[ .centerh[  ] ] --- # Accessibility in the iPhone Today - VoiceOver – reads what is on screen - Speech recognition for controlling device - Zoom – screen magnifier – 3 finger tap - Closed captions on videos - AssistiveTouch – fewer fingers needed, etc. - Switch Control (IOS7 and later) [head movement with built in camera](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXF2ThtYXzM).footnote[[switch control video with captions](https://plugin.3playmedia.com/host?mf=12475892&p3sdk_version=1.10.6&p=20413&pt=358&video_id=GQKEE9nI1lk&video_target=tpm-plugin-s71uhbdy-GQKEE9nI1lk)] or external switch - More every year ??? assistive touch also saves you from pressing the home button --- # Disability Tropes (2/5) - Ableist Designs of Mainstream Technology - Hero complex (I can save you with this new technology) - Does not emphasize Agency and Control - Not Disability Led - Typically doesn't involve disabled people early, if at all --- # Disability Tropes (3/5) - Ableist Designs of Mainstream Technology - Hero complex... leads to: - Disability Dongle --- # Disability Dongle (1/2) .quote[Disability Dongle: A well intended elegant, yet useless solution to a problem we never knew we had. Disability Dongles are most often conceived of and created in design schools and at IDEO.] [Liz Jackson](https://twitter.com/elizejackson/status/1110629818234818570) --- # Disability Dongle (2/2) - Often speculative - Sometimes "they enact normative or curative harm upon disabled users" - Emphasize quick fix over structural change ??? explain the jargon --- # Who is Behind Disability Dongles? - Award bait - “Thank you for your feedback” and what it signals - Whose idea and whose credit ??? Quote from Liz Jackson Thank you for your feedback is a signal that we have no control over how our knowledge will be used; by reframing disabled expertise and critique as “feedback,” this phrase, like IKEA’s ThisAbles campaign, relegates disabled people to the role of user and subordinates disabled knowledge to the (professional) designerly imagination. It’s a disingenuous phrase, in which “thank you” is uttered to remind us that it is actually us who should be grateful. --- # Disability Tropes (4/5) .left-column50[ - Hero complex - Disability Dongle - Inspiration Porn [stop at 4:29] ] .right-column50[![:youtube Ted Talk Stella Young is a comedian and journalist who happens to go about her day in a wheelchair — a fact that doesn't; she'd like to make clear; automatically turn her into a noble inspiration to all humanity. In this very funny talk; Young breaks down society's habit of turning disabled people into "inspiration porn.",8K9Gg164Bsw] ] --- # A note on language* .left-column[  **You will offend people with ableist terms** ] .right-column[ Identity-first language (“disabled people”) vs. people-first (“people with disabilities”). Preferences change depending on region, cultural context, community Avoid “stricken with”, “suffers from” or victimization language Avoid “able-bodied” or “normal” as differentiating terms ] --- # Disability Tropes (5/5) - Hero complex - Disability Dongle - Inspiration Porn - Whitewashing & related narrow perspectives - 20 years of ASSETS publications never mentioned race - Almost complete lack of accessible femtech - We will talk more about this! --- # A11yhood Analysis Assignment* Critique a policy, practice, technology, etc based on an article See [Assignment](/courses/cse493e/24au/assignments/disabilityjustice.html) for more details Competencies (**new ones**): - **Plain Language writing** (Friday's class) - **Positive Disability Principals** (just discussed) - **Disability Justice analysis** (discussing next) - Accessible Document Creation - Other things *you* choose (just provide the required information) --- # **Positive Disability Principals** * For this competency, summarize and critique accessibility projects on the following concerns: - Is it ableist - What parts of the work are accessible and what are not (for example, are both design tools, and their outputs accessible?) - Are people with disabilities engaged in guiding this work? At what stages? - Is it being used to give control and improve agency for people with disabilities - Is it addressing the whole community (intersectionality, multiple disabled people, multiply disabled people) --- # QUICK BREAK Good time to stand and stretch --- exclude:true # Disability Justice Consider theories drawn from multiple areas of identity - Language Justice (relating to multilingual access) - Disability Justice (coined by queer people of color) --- # Disability Justice Concept developed by Queer, BIPOC disabled people Deeply connected to anti-capitalist politics. - You may not agree, but you should be able to explain the principals anyway. Let's analyze this model in a design context using the Bennett paper --- # Disability Justice Principles (1/10) 1) INTERSECTIONALITY(*) "we are many things, and they all impact us." [Sins Invalid](https://www.sinsinvalid.org/) disability based performance project defines [10 principles of disability justice](https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5bed3674f8370ad8c02efd9a/t/5f1f0783916d8a179c46126d/1595869064521/10_Principles_of_DJ-2ndEd.pdf) which are: (*) Feminist theorist Kimberlé Crenshaw coined intersectionality in 1989 to describe the experiences of Black women, who experience both racism and sexism. ??? “We do not live single issue lives” –Audre Lorde. Ableism, coupled with white supremacy, supported by capitalism, underscored by heteropatriarchy, has rendered the vast majority of the world “invalid.” --- # Intersectionality in Design: Ensure that the things we build address multiple disabled people, with varied identities, and multiply disabled people E.g. describing people in images --- # Disability Justice Principles (2/10) 1) INTERSECTIONALITY "we are many things, and they all impact us." 2) LEADERSHIP OF THOSE MOST IMPACTED helps us stay grounded by those we serve ??? “We are led by those who most know these systems.” –Aurora Levins Morales lifting up, listening to, reading, following, and highlighting the perspectives of those who are most impacted by the systems we fight against." by centering the leadership of those most impacted, we keep ourselves grounded in real-world problems and find creative strategies for resistance. " --- # Leadership of those most impacted Disability led decisions, not disability dongles. When we design for people with disabilities, - People with disabilities are part of the design process (or lead it) - The needs of those MOST impacted among that subset come FIRST, then the majority follows --- # Disability Justice Principles (3/10) 1) INTERSECTIONALITY "we are many things, and they all impact us." 2) LEADERSHIP OF THOSE MOST IMPACTED helps us stay grounded by those we serve 3) ANTI-CAPITALIST POLITICS "we resist conforming to 'normative' levels of productivity in a capitalist culture" ??? In an economy that sees land and humans as components of profit, we are anti-capitalist by the nature of having non-conforming body/minds. Capitalism depends on wealth accumulation for some (the white ruling class), at the expense of others... Our worth is not dependent on what and how much we can produce. --- # Anti-Capitalist Politics in Design When we create systems, we make them accessible even though it may cost time and money - No segregation, even if it is cheaper to implement Maybe antithetical to ALT text? ??? Consider things like disclosure and invisibility --- # Disability Justice Principles (4/10) 4) CROSS-MOVEMENT SOLIDARITY "Through cross-movement solidarity, we create a united front." ??? disability justice lends itself to politics of alliance. Align with racial justice, reproductive justice, queer and trans liberation, prison abolition, environmental justice, anti-police terror, Deaf activism, fat liberation, and more... challenging white disability communities around racism and challenging other movements to confront ableism. --- # Cross-Movement Solidarity in Design Addressing accessibility isn't enough if we aren't inclusive of other identities How does this differ from intersectionality? --- # Disability Justice Principles (5/10) 4) CROSS-MOVEMENT SOLIDARITY "Through cross-movement solidarity, we create a united front." 5) RECOGNIZING WHOLENESS "Disabled people are whole people." ??? People have inherent worth outside of commodity relations and capitalist notions of productivity. Each person is full of history and life experience. Each person is full of history and life experience. Each person has an internal experience composed of our own thoughts, sensations, emotions, sexual fantasies, perceptions, and quirks. --- # Recognizing Wholeness in Design We should include accessibility in all the spaces that people interact with technology, because people with disabilities exist in all of the spaces -- as authors and consumers; programmers and users; and in every area of life What addition to the how we approach image description would fulfill this? --- # Disability Justice Principles (6/10) 4) CROSS-MOVEMENT SOLIDARITY "Through cross-movement solidarity, we create a united front." 5) RECOGNIZING WHOLENESS "Disabled people are whole people." 6) SUSTAINABILITY "pace ourselves, individually and collectively" ??? We pace ourselves, individually and collectively, to be sustained long term. Our embodied experiences guide us toward ongoing justice and liberation. to be sustained long-term, value the teachings of our bodies and experiences, and use them as a critical guide and reference point to help us move away from urgency and into a deep, slow, transformative, unstoppable wave of justice and liberation. --- # Sustainability in Design We should work at a pace that includes everyone in the work, and not value the rush products to market over access What addition to the Bennett paper would fulfill this? --- # Disability Justice Principles (7/10) 4) CROSS-MOVEMENT SOLIDARITY "Through cross-movement solidarity, we create a united front." 5) RECOGNIZING WHOLENESS "Disabled people are whole people." 6) SUSTAINABILITY "pace ourselves, individually and collectively" 7) COMMITMENT TO CROSS-DISABILITY SOLIDARITY "isolation undermines collective liberation" ??? even and especially those who are most often left out of political conversations. Break down the isolation between people with physical impairments, people who are sick or chronically ill, psych survivors and people with mental health disabilities, neurodiverse people, people with intellectual or developmental disabilities, Deaf people, Blind people, people with environmental injuries and chemical sensitivities, and all others who experience ableism and isolation that undermines our collective liberation. --- # Cross-disability Solidarity in Design Your turn! --- # Disability Justice Principles (8/10) 8) INTERDEPENDENCE "We work to meet each other's needs" rather than depending on state solutions ??? the liberation of all living systems and the land as integral to the liberation of our own communities, as we all share one planet. We work to meet each other’s needs as we build toward liberation, knowing that state solutions inevitably extend into further control over lives. --- # Disability Justice Principles (9/10) 8) INTERDEPENDENCE "We work to meet each other's needs" rather than depending on state solutions 9) COLLECTIVE ACCESS "We can share responsibility for our access needs ... balance autonomy while being in community" ??? AS brown, black and queer-bodied disabled people we bring flexibility and creative nuance that go beyond able-bodied/minded normativity, to be in community with each other. ... Access needs aren’t shameful — we all function differently depending on context and environment. Access needs can be articulated and met privately, through a collective, or in community, depending upon an individual’s needs, desires, and the capacity of the group. We can share responsibility for our access needs, we can ask that our needs be met without compromising our integrity, we can balance autonomy while being in community, we can be unafraid of our vulnerabilities, knowing our strengths are respected. --- # Disability Justice Principles (10/10) 8) INTERDEPENDENCE "We work to meet each other's needs" rather than depending on state solutions 9) COLLECTIVE ACCESS "We can share responsibility for our access needs ... balance autonomy while being in community" 10) COLLECTIVE LIBERATION No body or mind can be left behind – only moving together can we accomplish the revolution we require. ??? We move together as people with mixed abilities, multiracial, multi-gendered, mixed class, across the sexual spectrum, with a vision that leaves no bodymind behind. -- Your turn! --- # **Disability Justice Competency** Requires 3 or more principals be analyzed correctly - Define each principal you are analyzing in your own words. - Write 1-2 paragraphs (~200-300 words) explaining how the service or technology described in the article you picked addresses, or fails to address, that principal.
