// sample program with some examples of dynamic allocation in main and a class
// for storing a combination of an int and a string with a regular constructor,
// a copy constructor, a destructor, and an overridden assignment operator.
// Each of these produces output indicating that they are being executed.
// exploring rule of 3: destructor, copy constructor, assignment operator
// this combo class has the default versions of the "rule of 3" elements that
// are provided for free by C++

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class combo {
public:
    combo(int initial_value = 0, const string & initial_text = "foo") {
        value = initial_value;
        text = new string(initial_text);
        cout << "in regular constructor" << endl;
    }

    combo(const combo & rhs) {
        value = rhs.value;
        text = rhs.text;
        cout << "in copy constructor" << endl;
    }

    ~combo() {
        cout << "in destructor for value " << value << endl;
    }

    combo & operator=(const combo & rhs) {
        value = rhs.value;
        text = rhs.text;
        cout << "in assignment operator" << endl;
        return *this;
    }

    int get_value() const {
        return value;
    }

    const string & get_text() const {
        return *text;
    }
private:
    int value;
    string * text;
};

int main() {
    /*
    string * s = new string("hello there");
    cout << "s = " << *s << " with length " << (*s).size() << endl;
    cout << "s = " << *s << " with length " << s->size() << endl;
    string * t = s;

    delete s;
    delete t;
    */
    
    combo c1(23, "bar");
    combo c2(71);
    combo c3;
    cout << "c1: " << c1.get_text() << " " << c1.get_value() << endl;
    cout << "c2: " << c2.get_text() << " " << c2.get_value() << endl;
    cout << "c3: " << c3.get_text() << " " << c3.get_value() << endl;

    cout << "before inner scope" << endl;
    {
        combo c(12);
    }
    cout << "after inner scope" << endl;

    combo c4 = c1;
    // combo c4(c1);
    cout << "c4: " << c4.get_text() << " " << c4.get_value() << endl;

    combo c5;
    c5 = c2;

    return 0;
}