// sample program with some examples of dynamic allocation in main and a class
// for storing a combination of an int and a string with a regular constructor,
// a copy constructor, a destructor, and an overridden assignment operator.
// Each of these produces output indicating that they are being executed.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class combo {
public:
    combo(int initValue = 0, string initText = "foo") {
        value = initValue;
        text = initText;
        cout << "in main constructor" << endl;
    }
    
    int get_value() const {
        return value;
    }

    const string & get_text() const {
        return text;
    }

    // rule of three: copy constructor, assignment, destructor

    combo(const combo & rhs) {
        value = rhs.value;
        text = rhs.text;
        cout << "in copy constructor" << endl;
    }

    ~combo() {
        cout << "in destructor" << endl;
    }

    combo & operator=(const combo & rhs) {
        if (this != &rhs) {
            value = rhs.value;
            text = rhs.text;
        }
        cout << "in assignment operator" << endl;
        return *this;
    }

private:
    int value;
    string text;
};

int main() {
    string * s = new string("hello");
    cout << "s = " << *s << " of length " << (*s).size() << endl;
    // the previous line of code can also be done using the arrow operator ->
    cout << "s = " << *s << " of length " << s->size() << endl;
    string * t = s;  // setting up a second pointer to the string

    delete s;  // without this we didn't pass valgrind
    // delete t;  // double delete would lead to segmentation fault

    combo c1(14, "bar");
    cout << "c1: " << c1.get_value() << " " << c1.get_text() << endl;
    combo c2(18);
    cout << "c2: " << c2.get_value() << " " << c2.get_text() << endl;
    combo c3;
    cout << "c3: " << c3.get_value() << " " << c3.get_text() << endl;
    combo c4 = c2;
    cout << "c4: " << c4.get_value() << " " << c4.get_text() << endl;
    combo c5;
    c5 = c1;
    cout << "c5: " << c5.get_value() << " " << c5.get_text() << endl;

    return 0;
}