CSE370 Laboratory Assignment 6

Case Studies in Combinational Logic

Distributed: November 7, 2006
Due: End of section

Objectives

In this laboratory assignment you will use your combinational logic skills to design and implement two of the case studies from Chapter 5 of the textbook. You will create a Telephone Keypad Decoder (pg 227) and a 4-bit adder/subtractor (pg 239).  

Special Notes:

1) This lab contains many details that MUST be correct for the everything to work so please pay close attention to the instructions. When something is not working read the instructions a second or third time to make sure you have completed every step properly. We recommend that you read all the instructions before starting to implement the circuit to make sure you understand where you are headed and the special notes you will need along the way.

2) Unfortunately, the PAL synthesis tools can not currently complete synthesis and implementation of a circuit if the gates from lib370 are used in the creation of the circuit. The PAL synthesis tools can complete synthesis and implementation if the circuit is constructed with verilog code and Active-HDL's built-in symbols/gates. In part 1 of this lab we will deviate from the normal course policy of using ONLY  lib370 gates. The overall class policy will remain the same so you should always use lib370 gates with the single exception of PAL synthesis. If you accidently forget to use lib370 gates on a homework or during lab you may be asked to redo the assignment or may lose points. The only time it is acceptable to use Active-HDL's built-in symbols/gates is when the instructions explicitly tell you to use them for PAL synthesis. 

3) This laboratory assignment has TWO checkoff points.

Modules you will use from previous labs:

Tasks

Part 1 (May be completed before Lab)

1. Use your verilog implementation of a one-bit full adder and Active-HDL's built-in symbols/gates to complete Part 2 (4-bit adder/subtractor) of the Active-HDL Tutorial #2 (You should have completed part #1 in Lab#3). The optional part (32-bit adder/subtractor) is NOT required. Note: You will use your 4-bit adder/subtractor in PAL sythesis in Part 2 of this lab so you will need to use only Verilog modules (with no delays) and Active-HDL's built-in symbols/gates (optional - you can do everything in Verilog if you prefer).
2. Read CLD-II Section 5.3 (pages 227-231).

Part 2

1. In Part 2 of the lab you will take your 4-bit adder/subtractor implementation from Part1 and will wire it up on a prototyping board using a PAL.
2. Create a CTL file to specify which pins the inputs and outputs of your 4bit adder/subtractor should be assigned to on the PAL chip. Here is a description of how to create a CTL file. 
3. Synthesize your 4bit adder/subtractor from Part 1 for a PAL. If you forget how to do this, check the PAL Tutorial for instructions.  Make sure you select the correct top level module in the synthesis options before you synthesize.  Also make sure you include your custom CTL file for pin assignments.
4. You will find that the tools will not be able to implement this circuit to the PAL since it runs out of product terms. How many product terms does it need? How many product terms does the 22V10 have? This happens because the tools try to compile the functions into 2-level circuits, and this requires way too many product terms.
5. To solve this problem you will need to adjust the synthesis options.  In the Tech Mapping tab of the Options menu (see below), change the Node Cost from the default, which is 10, to 1.  This forces the compiler to be less aggressive about "flattening" your design into a 2-level implementation and, as a result, to keep the ripple-carry adder as the multi-level circuit that you want. After you complete the synthesis and implementation of your circuit on to the PAL, test it using switches for input, and LEDs for output. Unfortunately, there are 9 inputs and only 8 switches. Use all 4 switches for A's input and 4 switches for B's input. Use BTN1 as the input to AddSub. NOTE: LED8 is tied directly to SW8 so when you change the value of SW8 when testing, LED8 will also change.  
   
   
6. Demonstrate your 4-bit adder/subtractor to a TA to receive credit for Part 2. You should get checked off before moving on to Part 3. 

Part 3

NOTE: There are two types of keypads that will be used in the lab, so please note the differences.  One keypad is a standard 12 key telephone keypad that has 8 pins (pins: 1 common pin, 4 row pins, 3 column pins). The second keypad has 16 keys that include the normal 12 keys on a telephone key pad plus buttons for A, B, C, and D (pins: 1 common pin, 4 row pins, 4 column pins). Notice the only difference is that there is an extra column pin for the extra column of buttons (A, B, C, and D). The keypads should have a black arrow drawn on them pointing you to the common pin.

1. The first step is to wire up the keypad so that you can identify which pins correspond to which row/column. The diagram below shows how the column/row buttons should be wired. Please refer to section 5.3 in the book for further details on how the keypad works. NOTE: The lab's implementation will differ from the textbook's implementation - in the case of this lab, a button's logic value will go from HIGH to LOW when pressed. This means you need to identify which row and column are at a logic LOW to detect which button was pressed. 
   
   
   
   
   Notice the pull-up resistor and capacitor that are connected to the Column/Row pin. These are required for debouncing of the signal from the button. As the switch is not perfect, it will "bounce" between HIGH and LOW and may fool your circuit into thinking a button has been pressed multiple times. The resistor/capacitor provide a way to "slow down" the signal so that the bouncing doesn't affect it. Read pp. 562-564 of the text for a more detailed description of the debounding problem and solution.
2. Place the keypad in the breadboard and place a resistor pack in parallel with the keypads column/row pins so that you connect the resistor pack to the column/row pins. DO NOT connect the common pin of the keypad to the resistor pack. Connect the common pin of the keypad to ground. Connect the pin in the resistor pack marked with a dot (when looking down from the top) to Vcc. Add the capcitors with one lead of the capictor attached to ground and the other connected to a column/row pin.
   
   
   
3. Use your logic probe to identify which of the keypad's pins correspond to which row and/or column so you can wire the PAL to the appropriate column/row pin.
4. Write a program in verilog to decode which key is being pressed and output a binary representation of the key pressed. ( 0 through 9, * should correspond to 10, # should correspond to 15). The program should also contain an output that is true if only one button is pressed and false if multiple buttons have been pressed. (See section 5.3 in CLD-II) Skeleton Code for KeypadDecoder
5. Create a CTL file to specify which pins the inputs and outputs of your telephone keypad decoder should be assigned to on the PAL chip. Here is a description of how to create a CTL file. 
6. Synthesize your keypad decoder (written in verilog) for the PAL. Make sure you include the correct files (and exclude the others) and select the correct top level module in the synthesis options before you synthesize. Also make sure you include your custom CTL file for pin assignments.
7. Wire up the inputs of your decoder PAL to the keypad and the outputs to 5 LEDs.
8. Demonstrate your telephone keypad decoder to a TA to receive credit for Part 3.

 Lab Demonstration/Turn-in Requirements:

This lab requires two seperate demonstrations for "checkoffs"