Software for CSE 341

Compilers or interpreters for all of the languages we'll be using this quarter should be installed on the undergrad computers on both Windows and Linux. You can also download and install them on your own machine if you have one. Specific directions for each language will be in the materials for that language.

Using Linux and Emacs in CSE 341

Reflection X

Logging in from the basement labs

If you're going use the labs, everything is set up for you:

• Linux machines: Click on Applications->System Tools->Terminal, and skip down to the Basic Unix commands section.
• Windows machines: Simply double-click the "SSH-X attu" icon on the desktop. Type in your CSE account password and you're all set. Now type "xterm &" without the quotation marks to get an xterm. Skip down to the Basic Unix commands section.
  OR
  Open the start menu and type "ssh attu" into the search bar. Two options should appear. Click on the option with the X icon. Type in your CSE account password and you're all set. Skip down to the Basic Unix commands section.

Working elsewhere

1. Install the necessary software on your computer. The links on the course web page should help. Make sure you get the right versions.
2. If you want to run something on a department linux machine, use a terminal and ssh to run Haskell, Prolog, Ruby, and Java. We recommend using emacs as your editor for this option. This won't work with Racket though.

Basic Unix commands

attu4% mkdir mydir
attu4% ls
mail  mydir
attu4% cd mydir
attu4% pwd
/homes/iws/sbfan/mydir
attu4% exit

• To make a directory, and name it, say "mydir", you would type "mkdir mydir".
• "ls" lists what you have in your current directory.
• "cd" will change directories. To change to a directory "mydir", for example, type "cd mydir". To move back out of a directory, type "cd ..", and to get back to your home directory, "cd ~".
• To check where you are, type "pwd".
• "exit" exits.
• To get help on some command, say you want to know how to use "ls", type "man ls" and you will get the manual pages for that command. (Alternatively, you can use "info" in the same way.)

Accessing your UNIX home directories from Windows

If you're in the basement labs, your Z: drive should already be mapped to your Unix home directory. Look under for the Z: drive under "My Computer" in the Start Menu. To accesss your files, go to Z:\unix\homes\iws\userid, replacing "userid" with your own CSE account username. All the files you saved while working on Attu should be there.

If you're in the labs and your Z: drive isn't mapped, open up a Windows Explorer window (by clicking the "My Computer" from the Start Menu) and in the Tools menu item, select "Map Network Drive" and enter Z: for drive and \\ntdfs\cs for folder. Click Finish. If you're at a computer that does not use CSE's name servers, for example in Mary Gates Hall or at home, you will need to use the fully qualified name, \\ntdfs.cs.washington.edu\cs.

For more info on this, see the CSE support page that discusses Microsoft DFS, which is what we just used.

Emacs

Type "emacs &" to open emacs in a new window. Note what happens if you don't type the "&"--you can't do anything in your xterm window. The "&" runs your program, in this case, emacs, in the background.

• The cursor is a rectangular block and is referred to as the point.
• The modeline displays information about the buffer displayed in the current window. A buffer is a logical "thing" that you are working on. When you open a file, it will be loaded into a buffer, typically with the same name as the file.
• Every buffer is edited in a mode. The most basic mode is Fundamental, which provides only the most basic Emacs editing features. There are modes for many different languages.
• There are many "special" buffers that do not correspond to loaded files. The one above is called *scratch*. This buffer runs in Lisp Interaction mode, which means that you can interactively type and evaluate expressions in the Lisp programming language.

Emacs uses many key combinations involving the Control and Meta keys. Such key combinations are denoted C-x (Control-x (lowercase)) or M-x (Meta-x). On keyboards that don't have Meta, Alt is usually an acceptable substitute. If Alt doesn't work, ESC-x is equivalent to M-x.

A sequence of key presses is written like C-a C-b M-x, which would mean do the three actions in sequence.

• C-x C-c: Quits Emacs.
• C-g: Cancels the current action.
• C-x C-f: Opens a file.
• C-x C-s: Saves a file.
• C-x C-w: "Save as" (save contents to file with a name you type).

• C-x 2: Split the window into 2 buffers, one above the other. (Use the mouse or C-x o to switch between them.
• C-x 0: Undo window-splitting so there is only 1 buffer.
• C-x b: Switch to another buffer by entering its name.
• C-x C-b: See a list of all current buffers.

• C-h: Help. Hitting this will display a short message in the minibuffer: C-h (Type ? for further options).
• C-h t: Built-in interactive tutorial. Some people don't like this tutorial, but some people find it helpful.
• C-h b: Key bindings. This lists all key bindings that are valid for the current mode. Note that key bindings change from mode to mode!
• C-h a: Command apropos. After hitting C-h a you can type a symbol and a window will appear that lists all symbols and functions that match that phrase.