name: inverse layout: true class: center, middle, inverse --- # Intro to 3D Printing and Physical Computing Lauren Bricker CSE 340 Spring 2021 --- layout:false [//]: # (Outline Slide) .title[Today's Agenda] .body[ - Reminders - Start on Undo early!!!!! - Plan for changes to OH next week. - IMPORTANT - We need you to fill out [this form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGzotv3CiwLgwyUbVSlU4BTOrvrYmc0Z2_2arzcTPEPGzV-g/viewform) if you have a loaned phone. - Learnining Goals - Discuss different types of 3D models - Explain the 3D printing printing process from 3D models to low level g-code - Brainstorm ways we could use 3D printing in novel interactions ] --- # Story time... .left-column40[  ] -- .right-column50[ <br><br>   ] --- # Traditional Manufacturing <div class="mermaid"> graph LR A(Materials) --> B(Factory) B --> D(Shipping) D --> E(Storage) E --> F(Shipping) F --> G(You) classDef blue font-size:14pt; classDef green font-size:14pt; class B,D,E,F blue class A,G green </div> --- .left-column[ # Legacy ... literally ] .right-column[  ] --- # It worked! .left-column50[  ] .right-column50[  ] --- # The future (is here) <br> <div class="mermaid"> graph LR A(3D Modeling, <br> e.g. OpenSCAD) -->|Prepare| B(Geometry <br> e.g. .stl file) B -->|Slice| D(Printer instructions<br>G-code file) D -->|Printer| E(Printed Object) class A,B,D blue class E green </div> - __Prepare__ for printing - __Slice__ the model - __Printer__ Controller --- # Prepare for Printing - Create a model using any one of a number of 3D modeling packages such as Sketchup, Open SCAD, Rhino 3d, Meshmixer, Blender, OnShape, Minecraft, SolidWorks - Some packages reprsent 3D objects as solids, others as shells and boundaries. - Or you can find lots of stuff in repositories, like [Thingiverse](http://www.thingiverse.com/) .left-column50[ __Solids__ (image from [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive_solid_geometry ))  ] .right-column50[ __Shells/Boundaries__   ] --- # .stl File Almost every software package can save the files as a `.stl` file (stereolithography) .left-column50[   ] .right-column50[ ``` solid OBJECT facet normal 0 -1 0 outer loop vertex 10 -10 0 vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 0 -10 0 endloop endfacet facet normal 0 -1 0 outer loop vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 10 -10 20 vertex 8 -10 20 endloop endfacet ``` ] --- # Printer Controller The printer controller converts the `.stl` file into GCode, commands read by the printer .left-column50[ ``` solid OBJECT facet normal 0 -1 0 outer loop vertex 10 -10 0 vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 0 -10 0 endloop endfacet facet normal 0 -1 0 outer loop vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 10 -10 20 vertex 8 -10 20 endloop endfacet ``` ] -- count: false .right-column50[  ] --- # Printer Controller The printer controller converts the `.stl` file into GCode, commands read by the printer .left-column50[ ``` solid OBJECT facet normal 0 -1 0 outer loop vertex 10 -10 0 vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 0 -10 0 endloop endfacet facet normal 0 -1 0 outer loop vertex 0 -10 10 vertex 10 -10 20 vertex 8 -10 20 endloop endfacet ``` ] .right-column50[ ``` G1 X-5.87 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F3360.0 G1 F1200.0 G1 E1.0 G1 F3360.0 M101 G1 X-5.87 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E5.799 G1 X-2.93 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E6.354 G1 X-2.93 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E11.152 G1 X0.0 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E11.707 G1 X0.0 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E16.506 G1 X2.93 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E17.06 G1 X2.93 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E21.859 G1 X5.87 Y-12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E22.414 G1 X5.87 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E27.213 G1 X8.8 Y12.69 Z0.47 F381.198 E27.768 ``` ] --- # Results  --- # Fabrication technologies provide .left-column50[ - New ways to ideate and create - Faster, easier, sometimes better - New ways to customize - Faster iteration - Mass customization - New materials - New and/or more compilicated shapes ] -- count: false .right-column50[ Magic arms ![:youtube Video of child using a 3D printed hand, WoZ2BgPVtA0] ] --- # Fabrication technologies are not Not the startrek replicator Not as fast as the best manufacturing solutions for bulk manufacturing Not as fast as your 2d printer Often expensive Material range is limited --- # Additive Vs Subtractive Printing .left-column50[ - Additive printing puts down material, building up the object layer by layer - Some are done with extruded plastic or other material - Others are done with powders that are sealed together (powder printers) - Subtractive removes materials from around the object ] .right-column50[  ] --- # Additive Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) .left-column50[  ] .right-column50[ ![:youtube Time lapse video explaining 3D printing, m_QhY1aABsE] ] --- # Powder printing (@0:28) ![:youtube Time lapse video of powder printing, kBHsfNDsbCs?t=28] --- # Liquid printing (@0:23) ![:youtube Time lapse video liquid printing, l3TgmvV2ElQ?t=23] --- # Laser Sintering (@0:53) ![:youtube Time lapse video laser sintering, 9E5MfBAV_tA?t=53] --- # Other Materials - [Lisa Harouni Talk](https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_harouni_a_primer_on_3d_printing#t-120717) (@2:12) - [Powder printer](https://youtu.be/kBHsfNDsbCs?t=29s) - [Liquid Based additive printers](https://www.popsci.com/new-liquid-based-3d-printer-takes-minutes-not-hours/) (@1:07) - [Candy](https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=rU6RAM0Wrck&feature=emb_logo), [Chocolate](http://youtu.be/BIFi8but3Vw) other [Confections](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3TmrCzVZ6w) - [Pancake bot](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3Q8nbtRNT0) - Cement for houses [old](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzmCnzA7hnE), [new](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zt_3Gs1ksg) - [MIT’s glass printer](https://gizmodo.com/watching-mits-glass-3d-printer-is-absolutely-mesmerizin-1725433454) - [Ceramics](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JjaqKUUMMw) (with sound vibrations), [Sample art](https://www.foransuon.com/) --- # More examples! - [3D Printed Medical Device Saves Baby's Life](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr0HGCZSgE4) - [Prosthetic hand](http://youtu.be/CHPuMCshkLU?t=42s) (up to ~2:10) - [Prostheic 3D printed Eagle Beak](https://youtu.be/M1jxnogZgd4) - [3D printed car](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daioWlkH7ZI) - [Lots of examples quickly](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5AZzOw7FwA) - [3D printers print ten houses in 24 hours](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SObzNdyRTBs) - [Printed body parts](http://youtu.be/jSjW-EgKOhk?t=1m8s) - [Printed organs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nqw1yjyKEs) - [3D printed pizza](http://youtu.be/dvjqmMfMU7w?t=15s) - [3D printed fashion](http://youtu.be/63Xozzh_uHM) - [3D Printing a Garden Sprinkler](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9XRD3P2G-E) --- # Printing: Beyond plastic .left-column50[    ] .right-column50[   [Shorey Designs](https://www.shoreydesigns.com/3d-printing-on-fabric) ] --- # Printing with Kinetics .left-column-half[   ] .right-column-half[ ![:youtube Examples of embedded fabric, 9xqze9csLmY] ] ??? - String or wire (like a tendon) --- # Printing with Kinetics     --- # Printing new interactions <iframe title="vimeo-player" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/551468278" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> --- # Accessible hobbies Rapid iteration can help with accessible design .left-column40[   (Taylor's research) ] .right-column60[ ![:youtube Xbox adaptive controller intro, 9fcK19CAjWM] ] --- # What not to print - Food handling articles (unless on a special printer) - Safety critical strong things - High heat tolerance things - Things for chemically harsh environments --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ [Etch a Sketch!](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:3251892) ![:youtube Mobile phone case to use the phone like an etch a sketch, dcaErURbyIA] ] -- count: false .left-column40[ New ways of interacting! - Works by combining condutive plastic with custom interactor - Looks like touch input to the software - Gears control motion options mechanically ] --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ [Phone trigger buttons](https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:2960274) ![:youtube Game playing hardware --trigger buttons--,X_C1Qxjg2WI] ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting! - Similar approach, also conductive ] --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ Xiaoyi Zhang, Tracy Tran, Yuqian Sun, Ian Culhane, Shobhit Jain, James Fogarty, Jennifer Mankoff: [Interactiles: 3D Printed Tactile Interfaces to Enhance Mobile Touchscreen Accessibility](https://make4all.org/portfolio/interactiles/). ASSETS 2018  ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting! - Silicon & sewn conductive thread - Nuts and bolts ] --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ Acoustruments ![:youtube Printed objects whose use can be sensed, C2d1pB1qlvA] ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting! - Leverages the phone's microphone - Uses flexible plastic with holes - Requires machine learning ] --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ Tactile map for the blind  ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting! Phone as embedded computer - Better solution because reprinting a map is faster than making a whole new portable map for each region - Similar to new interaction techniques, uses conductive plastic ] --- # Use your phone to control general hardware .left-column40[ [IOIO](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/ioio-otg-hookup-guide) / [IOIO wiki](https://github.com/ytai/ioio/wiki) [Arduino](https://www.arduino.cc/) ] .right-column60[  ] --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ C. Lee, [Intellisplash](https://www.christopherslee.org/home/cadiot#h.pstiqwwsc6zp)  ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting Combination of microcontroller and phone Uses WiFi, Bluetooth and other communication protocols ] --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[  Many similar options -- e.g. [Ph Meter](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6916991); [Sensing sweat make-up](https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2014/an/c4an01612b); [Nanosensing by Nasa](https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/features/2009/cell_phone_sensors.html) [more examples](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167779914000572) ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting Phone as embedded computer New ways of sensing - [Biotoxicity sensing](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925400515305992) - Dark box - Phone case ] ??? By clicking the “start” button (b) the application runs and several tabs can be selected (c). The “Procedure” box (d) provide to the user the instructions to perform the assay, then the Begin button allow to proceed to the “Checklist” box (e) where preset timers guide the user through the correct incubation times before BL image acquisition. The instructions can be also eluded by selecting “Test sample” in the home page, which jumps the user directly to the checklist. At the end of the countdown the smartphone camera is activated and the user can simply touch the “Acquire” button to capture the BL image of both the test and control wells. (f) The acquired images are rapidly analyzed on the smartphone and the sample toxicity result is displayed as “Cell viability” value and a warning message (Safe, Harmful, Highly toxic). BL image and results can be also saved for downstream application (i.e. sending results to a central laboratory). --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column50[ [Phone for potentiostatic control](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6916991)  ] .left-column50[ New ways of interacting - Phone as embedded computer - New ways of sensing - exploits ability to play sounds - serves basic functions of a potentiostat in controlling an applied potential to oxidise ECL-active molecules - resultant photonic signal is monitored using the camera in video mode. - combined with paper microfluidic sensors ] ??? The audio jack supplies the potential to the paper microfluidic sensor, while the resultant emission is detected by the camera in video mode. Both the excitation and detection processes are controlled by a software application which can also transmit the results via e-mail. The black plastic sleeve surrounding the top of the phone holds the sensor adjacent to the camera and blocks ambient light. --- # Printing to enhance a mobile phone .right-column60[ Printed Analytics ![:youtube Printed objects whose use can be sensed, W1V2AgDbgTQ] ] .left-column40[ New ways of interacting Phone as embedded computer New ways of sensing - uses backscatter technology - works in range of a modified wireless router ] --- # Summary What does physical computing offer us? .left-column-half[ New ways to interact - capacitive sensing facilitate by conductive plastic/thread - microphone + machine learning New ways to sense information - fluid properties - audio - backscatter ] .right-column-half[ New ways to combine devices (e.g. through bluetooth sensing of physical hardware) Benefits: - modify a device beyond what the manufacturer expected - rapid prototyping of novel solutions ] --- # END OF DECK
