/*****************************************
Sunjay Cauligi, Bryan Martin

Section 1 Notes
CSE 333 13sp
****************************************/





// questions, comments?







// style














/****************************************
Clearing up some confusion
****************************************/

// c passes all of its arguments by value
// all arguments received are copies
//
// use pointers to pass by pseudo-reference	
//
// when we say pass-by-reference in c, that means that
// a pointer is passed that points to an object, instead of
// the object itself








/****************************************
Pointers and Addresses
****************************************/
//
// declaring a pointer
//
// type *name;
// type *name = address;
//
// getting and address
//
// &variable
//
// address is location in memory
//
// dereferencing a pointer
// *pointer  ==>  value that is pointed to

int x = 42;
int *p;  // What is p now?
p = &x;  // What happens here?
*p = 99;  // Values of p and x?




















/****************************************
Arrays and pointers
****************************************/
//
// An array is just syntactic sugar for a pointer and pointer arithmetic
// a[0]  <==>  *a
// a[3]  <==>  *(a + 3)
//
// arrays as parameters

void f(int a[]);

int main(...) {
  int a[5];
  //...
  f(a);
  return 0;
}
// or
void f(int *a);

int main(...) {
  int a[5];
  //...
  f(&a[0] <==> a);  // what is &a[0] doing?
  return 0;
}












/****************************************
Pointer arithmetic
****************************************/
//
// pointers are typed
// int *int_ptr  vs. char *char_ptr

int arr[3] = {1, 2, 3};
int *int_ptr = &arr[0];
char *char_ptr = (char *) int_ptr;

printf("*int_ptr: %d\n", *int_ptr);  // *int_ptr: 1
printf("*char_ptr: %d\n", *char_ptr); // *char_ptr: 1
int_ptr += 1;
char_ptr += 1;
printf("*int_ptr: %d\n", *int_ptr);  // *int_ptr: 2
printf("*char_ptr: %d\n", *char_ptr); // *char_ptr: 0




















/****************************************
Function pointers
****************************************/
// 
// syntax
//
// return_type (* variable_name)(arguments...)
// the star is optional

bool forall(int *array, int size, bool (* my_function)(int)) {
  int i;
  for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    if (!my_function(array[i]))
      return false;
  }
  return true;
}










// use typedef to simplify
typedef int (*int_comparator)(int, int);
void sort(int *arr, int size, int_comparator cmp);















/****************************************
In-Place Map Function
****************************************/
//
// Example code
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>


int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	// allocate array
	// map(array, size, function)
	// print
}