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------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/pres.xml Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" ------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/slide0001.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" CSE 303 - Autum 2006 - Lecture 23
CSE 303
Concepts and Tools for
Software Developme= nt
Richard C. Davis
UW CSE – 12/4/2006 Lecture 23 –
Readability and Robustness
------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/slide0001_image001.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhyAF2AHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAADG AXUAgAAAAJkAAAL/jI+py+0Po5y02ouz3rz7D4biSJbmiabqyrbuC8fyTNf2jef6zvf+DwwKh8Si 8YhMKpfMpvMJjUqn1Kr1is1qt9yu9wsOi8fksvmMTqvX7Lb7DY/L5/S6/Y7P6/f8vv8PGCg4SFho eIiYqLjI2Oj4CBkpOUlZaXmJmam5ydnp+QkaKjpKWmp6ipqqusra6voKGys7S1tre4ubq7vL2+v7 CxwsPExcbHyMnKy8zNzs/AwdLT1NXW19jZ2tvc3d7f0NHi4+Tl5ufo6err7O3u7+Dh8vP09fb3+P n6+/z9/v/w8woMCBBAsaPIgwocKFDBs6fAgxosSJFCtavIgxo8aNNhw7evwIMqTIkSRLmjyJMqXK lSxbunwJM6bMmTRr2ryJM6fOnTx7+vwJNKjQoUSLGj2KNOmkAgA7 ------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/slide0004.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" CSE 303 - Autum 2006 - Lecture 23
12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
2
Administravia
•Final Exam in just ove= r a week
–Most similar to cse303 Spring 2006 exam
•This is the only quart= er that uses C++ heavily
•Use ".cpp" instead of "<= b>.cc"
•Use Subversion/svn instea= d of CVS/cvs
•Ignore problems 10 and= 11 (concurrency)
–Unless we fit this in = on the last day
–Also similar to finals from other quarters
•HW7 Due Wednesday, 2PM
–Late Days now visible = in MyUW (up to HW4)
•<= /span>
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
3
Where We Are
&#= 8226;Last time
&= #8211;Linkers
&#= 8226;Today
&= #8211;Writing "good" software
&= #8226;Readability
&= #8226;Robustness
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
4
What is "Good" Software?
•No easy answers, but t= here is a direction
–Code should be Readable
•It's more than just ad= ding comments
•It's about making prog= ram logic easy to follow
–Code should be Robust
•Gracefully reacts to unforseen usage
•Gracefully handles var= ious error conditions
–Code should be Maintainable
•Well defined component= s, loose coupling
•Readability and Robust= ness also help
–<= /span>
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
5
Readable Code: Bad Example
•What does= the following code snipped do?
•int mai= n(int argc, char** argv) {
•   int i[argc-1];
•   for (int j=3D0; j<argc-1; i[j]=3Datoi(argv[++j]));
•   cout << ((argc-1) % 2= ? 'y' : 'n') << endl;
•   // ...
•} <= /b>
<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•See if yo= u can tell in 10 seconds
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
6
Readable Code: Good Example
•int main(int argc, char** argv) {
•   // = Store all arguments in an array
•   int= size =3D argc - 1;
•   int numbers[size];
•   for= ( int i =3D 0; i < size; i++ ) {
•      numbers[i= ] =3D atoi(argv[i+1]);
•   }&#= 13;
•
•   // Print a message to stdout about the arguments
•   if ( (size % 2) =3D=3D 0 ) {
•      cout <= < "Number of elements is even" << endl;
•   } else {
•      cout <= < "Number of elements is odd" << endl;
•   }
•   // ...
•}
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CSE 303 Lecture 23
7
Why i= s the "Good" Example Better?
&#= 8226;Better names for variables
&= #8211;Reflect their content/meaning
&#= 8226;Added Comments
&= #8211;Describe the purpose of each section of code
&#= 8226;More detailed output
&#= 8226;Better spacing
&= #8211;Visually separate parts of complex expressions
&= #8211;Visually separate sections of code
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CSE 303 Lecture 23
8
Why is Readability Important?
&#= 8226;Your code is part of your documentation
&= #8211;Others need to understand it
&= #8211;You'll need to understand it when you forget
&#= 8226;Maintenance: fixing bugs is easier
&#= 8226;Adding new features is easier
&#= 8226;Clear code helps clear thinking
&#= 8226;Unreadable code tends to get thrown out
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CSE 303 Lecture 23
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How to Improve Readability
•A= dd comments, but don't stop there
•G= ood levels of abstraction
•C= lear expressions and statements
•M= ake program logic easy to follow
•E= ach function has a single specific goal
•S= ome small things that help
–G= ood variable/class/method names
–G= ood indentation
–F= ollow a coding standard
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CSE 303 Lecture 23
10
Writing Robust Code
•D= efensive Programming
–C= heck your function inputs
–C= heck buffer boundaries
–C= heck for errors, catch/handle exceptions
–E= nforce encapsulation (data hiding)
•Im= portant software engineering principle
•O= ther general practices
–S= trive for simplicity, perform code reviews
–C= heck invariants (helps testing/debugging)
–R= euse well-tested code (like standard libraries)
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Check Your Function Inputs
&#= 8226;Famous last words:
&= #8211;"No one would pass a NULL argument here"
&= #8211;"No one will ever enter a name longer than X"
&= #8211;"I'll make it work first, then add error handling"
&#= 8226;Golden rule
&= #8211;Assume callers don't know what they're doing
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Checking Inputs/Buffer Bounds
•<= /span>Asserts convenient for checking inputs/bounds =
–Fail precondition? à Crash program
–Use when you don't have time to do better
•<= /span>Example from Polygon.cpp (HW6) <= /div>
•#include <cassert>
•// ...
•
•Point Polygon::GetPoint(int index) const { <= /span>
•  assert(index >=3D 0 && index < NumPoints()); =
•  return(pts[index]);
•}
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Checking for Errors
•Every time you invoke a function
–Check if the function = can return an error
•Read the specification= for that function
•One reason why good specifications are important
–Assume it will sometim= es return that error
–Handle the error properly
•Examples
–Opening a file can fai= l (fopen) = ;
–Reading data from a st= ream can fail (fscan= f)
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Encapsulation
•K= ey concept in OO programming
•A= class encapsulates attributes and funcs.
–C= lasses correspond to "abstract data types"
•A= class "exports" an interface
•A= ll communication goes through interface
–N= o one is allowed to manipulate data directly
•I= nformation Hiding
–D= on't reveal details about implementation
–D= on't reveal details about representation
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Check Invariants
&#= 8226;Example of an invariant (HW4)
&= #8211;"Allocreclist is always in sorted order"
&#= 8226;Add a function: Che= ckOrderInvariant
&= #8211;Returns true= if list is in order
&= #8211;Returns false otherwise
&#= 8226;Inside function ARLIns= ert
&= #8211;Add: a= ssert(CheckOrderInvariant(head));
&#= 8226;This practice helps early bug detection
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Informat= ion Hiding Common Error
&#= 8226;Easy to break encapsulation by accident
&#= 8226;Example:
&= #8211;Caller and callee have pointer to same object
&= #8211;Caller can change callee internal rep.  BAD!
&= #8211;A very common source of errors
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Information Hiding Common Error: String L= ist Input Example
<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.08%'>•Example 1= : Error when handling inputs
•
•void in= sert (Node **head, char *original) {
•   Node node =3D (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
•   // ...
•   node->original =3D original;
•}
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Information Hiding Common Error: String L= ist Output Example
•Example 2= : Error when handling outputs
•
•Node *l= ookup (Node *head, char *original) {
•   Node *element =3D head; = ;
•   // Iterate through list and= find string
•   return element;
•}
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Information Hiding Solutions
&#= 8226;Solution 1: Copying
&= #8211;Copy data before integrating into internal rep.
&= #8211;Return copies of data in internal rep.
&#= 8226;Solution 2: Immutable Objects
&= #8211;Immutable objects can never be changed
&#= 8226;Solution 3: Using const&= #13;
&= #8211;Good idea, but be careful
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Using "const" Type Qualifie= r
<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.88%'>•Example 1: "const" when handling inputs
•
•void in= sert (Node **head, const char *original) {
•   Node node =3D (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
•   // The following causes compile-time error
•   node->original =3D original;
•}
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Using "const" Type Qualifie= r
•Example 2: "const" when handling outputs
•
•const Node *lookup (Node *head, char *original) {
•   Node *element =3D head;
•   // Iterate through list and find string
•   ret= urn element;
•}
•
•// Caller cannot change the element returned
•const Node *element =3D lookup(head, my_string); = ;
•// The following causes compile-time error
•Node->original[0] =3D 'a';
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Be Careful: Incomplete Solution
•In the lookup exampl= e, caller cannot change the element returned: GOOD •However, = caller has a pointer to an element that someone else can free b= y removing the string from the list: BAD <= /span>
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"const" Can get very confusin= g
•N= on-constant pointer to constant data
&= #8211;const c= har *ptr
–C= annot change the content of these locations
–C= an make ptr point to different mem. locations
•C= onstant pointer to non-constant data
&= #8211;char * = const ptr =3D …;
–C= annot change what ptr is pointing to
–C= an change the content of pointer to location
•C= an also have const char * const ptr
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Principles of using "const"=
&#= 8226;Principle of least privilege
–Give a function enough access to data to accomplish task.  Not more.
&#= 8226;C++ Notes
&= #8211;"Accessors" work on const objects
•<= span style=3D'font-family:"Courier New";color:#339933'>int GetX() const; = ;
&= #8211;You can have both accessors and mutators
•<= span style=3D'font-family:"Courier New";color:#339933'>Class &GetElement= (int idx);
•const Class &GetElement(int idx) const;
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
25
Towards Security
&#= 8226;Robust software can protect against
&= #8211;Buffer overflow attacks
&= #8211;Crashes caused by invalid inputs
&#= 8226;But security is much harder than that
&#= 8226;Example: Denial of service attack
&= #8211;Send huge numbers of requests to a server
&= #8211;Example: Keep adding elements to a list
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
26
Summary
•Y= ou now know some basic software eng.
–S= oftware development process
•M= ain steps involved in building a software system
–S= pecifications
•W= hy we need them and how to write simple ones
•We talked about informal specifications only
–T= esting: Why and How
–W= riting Robust and readable code
•T= here's much more to software engineering
–T= he examples in this class may not be the best
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12/4/2006
CSE 303 Lecture 23
27
Next Time
<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•Profilers=
<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.43%'>•STL?
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hrefList("= slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0006.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s= lide0010.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl= ide0011.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0012.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli= de0013.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid= e0015.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0008.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide= 0017.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0018.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0= 019.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0020.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00= 21.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0016.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide002= 3.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0024.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0027= .htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0022.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0025.= htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0026.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0007.h= tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0003.htm",1,-1,1)); /********************************************* Frameset functions These functions control slide navigation and state of the frameset. **********************************************/ function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) { var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i; return href.replace(regExp, "") } function FullScrInit() { g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black" document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM; document.onkeydown =3D _KDH; document.ondragstart=3DCancel document.onselectstart=3DCancel self.focus() } function Redirect( frmId ) {=09 var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId() if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1); if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) { obj =3D GetObj("Main-File") window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId return 1 } return 0 } var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20 function CalculateMHTMLPrefix() { if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20 href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20 Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20 End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20 if (End < Start)=20 return href.substring(0, Start)=20 else=20 return href.substring(0, End)=20 } return ''; } function GetTags(base,tag) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag); else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag); } function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP= refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) } function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() } function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() } function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() } function SetHasNts( fVal ) { if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) { gHasNts=3DfVal UpdNavPane() } } function ToggleOtlText() { gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp UpdOtlPane() } function ClearMedia() { // Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other= wise, // in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod= e. if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0; } function FullScreen() {=20 if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) PPTSld.document.body.pause(); ClearMedia(); var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF = : FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref; if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) { var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0 var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top= =3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } else { win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } } function ToggleVNarration() { rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay") if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) ) rObj.Play() else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 ) rObj.Pause() else return; } else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID") if( narObj ) narObj.togglePause() } } function GetCurSldNum() { =20 obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld) if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return obj.mSldIdx else =20 return gCurSld } function GetNumSlds() { =20 if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds; else return GetSldList().mList.length } function GetSldNum( href ) { for(ii=3D0; ii 1 ) PopSldList(); else if( !IsFramesMode() ) { if( gLoopCont ) GoToFirst() else EndShow() } } function GoToPrevSld() { ii=3DgCurSld-1 if( ii > 0 ) { obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii) while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) ) obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii) if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1 GoToSldNum(ii) } } function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) } function GoToLast() { ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length if( ii !=3D gCurSld ) GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref ) } function GoToSldNum( num ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue obj =3D GetHrefObj( num ) obj.mVis=3D1 gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld =3D num; =09 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref= )) else PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref) =09 if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function GoToSld( href ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)) else PPTSld.location.replace(href) } function SldUpdated( id ) { if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) } function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO= bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) } function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) } function CloseWindow() { if( HideMenu() ) return; =09 var event =3D PPTSld.event; if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D= =3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) ) window.close( self ); CatchNumKeys( self, event ); } function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; } function SetupEndShow() { gIsEndShow=3D1; PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no"; PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM; } function EndShow() { if( IsFramesMode() ) return if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue doc=3DPPTSld.document var dir =3D doc.body.dir if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr"; doc.open() doc.writeln('


' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '

') doc.close() } function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue } function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited } function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk ) { this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible this.mVisited=3D false this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk } function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd) { this.mCurSld =3D curSld; this.mList =3D new Array(); var idx =3D 1; for(ii=3D0;ii 0) { PushSldList(sldList,fEnd); gCurSld =3D 1; } else if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) { var ii =3D gSldStack.length; gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd); GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref ); } function PopSldList() { if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow) EndShow() else { gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld; gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null; gSldStack.length--; var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1]; GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref ); } } var custShowList=3Dnew Array(); /********************************************* Navigation button implementation There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn implemented as function objects. They share a similiar interface so the event handlers can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20 object without needing to know exactly=20 what type of button it is. **********************************************/ //---------------------------------- function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action ) //---------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _IBP t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE t.ChangeIcon =3D null t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _IBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.mBorderId=3D bId t.mWidth =3D w t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0 } function _IBSetA() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _IBSetI() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } } function _IBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 ) obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1 } } function _IBSetD() { =20 obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } function _IBSetE( state ) { var t=3Dthis GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible" if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) { t.mIsOn=3Dstate if( state ) t.SetInactive() else t.SetDisabled() } } function _IBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) { if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( t.ChangeIcon ) { obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId) if( t.ChangeIcon() ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth else obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth } t.SetActive() } =20 } function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState ) { var t=3Dthis SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 ) obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj= .style.posTop t.mCurState=3DnextState return obj } //----------------------------------------- function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState ) //----------------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _TBP t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE t.GetState =3D chkState t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _TBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.m_elementsId=3D oeId t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBSetA() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetI() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) } function _TBSetD() { =20 this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) this.mIsOn =3D 0 } function _TBSetE() { var t=3Dthis if( !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) else t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) {=20 if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( !t.GetState ) return if( t.GetState() ) t.SetPressed() else t.SetActive() } =20 } function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset ) { SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 ) Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset ) } function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle= ft } function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight ) { s=3Dobj.style; s.borderStyle =3D "solid" s.borderWidth =3D 1=20 s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight } function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] } function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() } function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() } function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() } function BtnOnUp() { b=3DGetBtnObj() if( b !=3D null ) b.Perform() else Upd() } function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen } function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen } function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp } function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal ) { s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style s.display=3D"none" if( fVal ) s.display=3D"" else s.display=3D"none" } function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etActive() } function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etInactive() } function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etPressed() } function _BSetA_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20 if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _BSetI_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId] if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"= THREEDFACE" var gBtnArr =3D new Array() gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan= e,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt= lPane,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN= tsPane ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.= ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To= ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n= b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld ) gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n= b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent= .FullScreen ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa= rent.FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent= .FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice= ","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration ) gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT= xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts" gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState /********************************************* Context menu implementation _CM() is the function that's hooked up to the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to show the menu, we first build it by creating DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20 within the screen area so it doesn't get clipped. Creating the DIVs using createElement() means we don't have to write out any extra HTML into the slide HTML files. **********************************************/ var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr= row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval" function ShowMenu() { BuildMenu(); var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y= =3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) ) m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth m.style.pixelTop=3Dy if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) ) m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight m.style.display=3D"" } function _CM() { if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return; if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) { ShowMenu() return false } else HideMenu() } function BuildMenu() { if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body ) mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu" mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden" var s=3DmObj.style s.position=3D"absolute" s.cursor=3D"default" s.width=3D"120px" SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black") var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj ) SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" ) iObj.style.padding=3D2 CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld ) =09 CreateSeparator( iObj ) CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True ) mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible" } function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa= lue=3Dfalse } function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") } function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") } function Perform() { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) e.Action() else PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function ChangeClr( bg,clr ) { e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) { e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg e.style.color=3Dclr } } function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) } function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() } function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();= PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() } function M_True() { return true } function M_End() { window.close( self ) } function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval ) { var e=3DCreateItem( node ) e.type=3D"menuitem" e.Action=3Daction e.IsActive=3Deval e.innerHTML=3Dtext if( !e.IsActive() ) e.style.color=3D"threedshadow" e.onclick=3DPerform e.onmouseover=3DHighlight e.onmouseout=3DDeselect s=3De.style; s.fontFamily=3DsFont s.fontSize=3D"9pt" s.paddingLeft=3D2 } function CreateSeparator( node ) { var sObj=3DCreateItem( node ) SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu") var s=3DsObj.style s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow" s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight" s.height=3D1 s.fontSize=3D"0px" } function CreateItem( node ) { var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV") node.insertBefore( elem ) return elem } function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr ) { var s=3Do.style s.backgroundColor=3D"menu" s.borderStyle=3D"solid" s.borderWidth=3D1 s.borderColor=3DltClr+" "+rbClr+" "+rbClr+" "+ltClr } ------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/fullscreen.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" ------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/buttons.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhWAESAPf4AAAAAIAAAACAAICAAAAAgIAAgACAgICAgAQEBISEBASEBISEhAQEhMTExAQE /KTM9Pz8/ERERPz8BAT8/KSkpGRkhMTcxCRkxAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAMDAwP8AAAD/AP//AAAA//8A/wD//////yH5BAEAAPgALAAAAABYARIA QAj/APEJHEiwoMGDCBMqXMiwocOHECNKnEixosWLGCEiQKCRo8YDIEHig2DxAD4LKD1avDDhgUuV GUOGbHBR5QGYFBG4fHAB58EKECJEwCfUYAWPFGAygLCRKQIIUKM6WAohKUGgCikcFWh1INWoYKVS 7SrQ41GbIhGYLAuVQVOoC+IyXUuUAkG1HE3KFDhAwkgJc5/qDZmxsOHDiBMrXsy4sePDGyP7lChT 5MULmDPnlDw5YmW6FTNrfgi0aNGEZPEtbfo2bNTUpYeeRph69dPWrqvCNFuBIGG1A59CYPAVQtwF cw0OxWdTIOiBCQAjaAB17fOFII8voGmRc+eOkilm/z9OvTtnjN4hYk1YoT3H2rnBOphPAB9skgq3 2lcaX/5YnJVt9BloAar12UEIRGCZdQghMABI1Tn32IQUVthYexhmqGGGMBHAgIfEhSiiiATAtOGJ GnYI4ogsEldicAYOGNJGZaml3Y0L3NTZUBz1xlB0PUoUI0jlVWRSVN89xBKSGB1YU1TMoRfVBEle hR9HQs1GEHxQ3RZZbveZthxt/LEmXHyp5XWABSCpaRJwbM13gAACPHVccgJFgF+NEhqUAEkQSCfc ddhVhh5dVTaEAEsTUNlkZUWKN9BNGDE6QU8OrSdbllzpxyVTTrU21Uj3scfhp7nNpyoDaTIEJ3P9 If8J2kbLNYegg9JRBwGhFvbq66+ZUiDssMQWK2yHxiZLrInKNotss8l+B5yBrr5p2UIJvortANoC 6+234IbLla/elRtZjeamh5CC3Sb0YLvixivvYkDFGlZqBNh7r4n6goVvv6/ZlCicN+kL71ALTnpQ dCIZp7CihkLA3UQmoWRBogyxtBPGCTnZncVR1rSTo5nuydC/Eo8kUH+lOoTyyvjoCuZu+PjYIKLD rZybtrM1d10C0QXKEVz48GrQkEeWdFJKlbb0UmEeV0SzyC6RvNB646LWIVjUNeC1zAFb+RDKXksM 9r531bwmpQW9+hQDDsx5pqwDRWBXcFES2hc+gEn/wJGdEEWdE6LoWcoxQweaTNmkhydkKaYMYY2Q p1unbLl/pPKbn3v7EZRvrKvqlja2ONvrtoIw9tn2g32/tQBlhtYkU+MNikZ7QYlPDPuMldpOmuJX nVo5VF3HjI+q89mteX5IDd/fVFClma5kiE4f2XUJhlz09gj2NbTDRifkmu7zXjR++RVJ/lPznuvr QH2iD6S+UewP9Dnon6d2NLwN8n90BB6hC68cFMCHoe+ACASP9c4DowUyEF0OPFcDI0ij/VXPaAKC UfhS95AKGoQ7IBRICI1HwhGaUIQoLGEKT6jCFrLwhSuMoQtlCMMZ2rCGOKShDm+4wxzy8Ic+DGIP B4cIRCKGMCAAOy== ------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/frame.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" CSE 303 - Autum 2006 - Lecture 23 ------=_NextPart_01C717CE.BD2AF780 Content-Location: file:///C:/AF8A9A73/cse303-06au-lecture23_files/outline.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
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Slide Show
Outline
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