Web Programming Step by Step

Lecture XX
Multimedia

Except where otherwise noted, the contents of this presentation are Copyright 2010 Marty Stepp and Jessica Miller.

File formats

• some differ in features (animation, 5.1 stereo, transparency)
• many multimedia formats use compression to reduce file size
  • compression algorithms are also called codecs (list
  • some compression algorithms are "lossless", others are "lossy"
• some formats are patented (unusable in free software)
• some formats are encrypted to protect information inside
  • Digital Rights Management (DRM) restricts what user can do with file
  • can be broken: DVD (DeCSS), HD DVD (09f911029d74e35bd84156c5635688c0)
• some formats are streaming (can play while downloading)

Image file formats

• JPEG : uses "lossy compression"; small file size; good for photos
• GIF : 256 colors; LZW run-length encoding lossless compression
  • allows transparency (can see behind parts of image)
  • possible to create animated GIFs
• PNG : free format created to avoid patent and color issues in GIF format; lossless compression, transparency
• others: TIFF, BMP
• image format comparisons: text, photo, PNG

Raster and vector graphics

• the image formats on the previous slide are raster or bitmap formats
  • they describe the pixels that should be drawn on the screen
• vector graphics formats such as SVG describe shapes/lines rather than pixels
  • advantage: infinite precision; good for zooming, printing
  • disadvantage: not supported on all platforms; computationally expensive

Audio file formats

• MP3 : uses lossy compression that eliminates inaudible sounds
• AAC : Apple's iTunes audio file format
• WMA / ASF: Microsoft Windows Media Audio format
• OGG : Linux hippie audio/video format
• RA / RM / RAM : Real Audio format
• other formats: WAV (MS), AU (Sun), AIFF / SND (Apple), FLAC
• Sequenced Music: MID, MOD

Video file formats

• MPEG : Motion Picture standard video format
  • DVDs are encoded using MPEG-2
  • HD DVDs are often compressed with MPEG-4 (H.264) codec
• MOV : Apple's QuickTime movie format
• WMV / ASF : Microsoft's Windows Media Video format
• AVI : classic Microsoft video format that can be encoded in many ways
• SWF / FLC : Macromedia Flash multimedia format
• RV : Real Video format

Flash

• format for graphics, video, audio developed by Macromedia/Adobe
• widely used for many reasons:
  • supported in most major platforms/browsers
  • lightweight
  • can produce impressive interactive animated content
• downside: proprietary; editing software costs money (viewer is free)
• examples: Duck Hunt, Homestar Runner

Linking to multimedia files

<a href="video.avi">My video</a>

• browser has a list of default applications to associate with each file type
• if it has an associated app, it will run it
• some file types are displayed within the browser using plugins
• if it doesn't know what to do, it will just download the file
• try it yourself: MPG, MOV, WMV, RM, SWF, WAV, MID

File types and browser plugins

• plugin: helper app launched within the browser to view certain file types
  • examples: Flash player, QuickTime, Windows Media Player, Acrobat Reader, Java
• about:plugins URL will show you list of plugins in Firefox
• enter preferences, then choose Content, File Types, Manage...
  • can change which app/plugin will be used to open particular file types

Embedded objects: <object>

<object data="video.avi" type="video/avi"></object>

• replaces previous, non-standard embed element
• attributes: archive, classid, codebase, codetype, data, declare, height, name, standby, type, usemap, width
• type attribute specifies file's MIME type
• IE6 requires non-standard classid attribute to specify which plugin to use (list)

Parameters: <param>

<object id="slider1" width="100" height="50">
	<param name="BorderStyle" value="thick" />
	<param name="MousePointer" value="hourglass" />
	<param name="Enabled" value="true" />
	<param name="Min" value="0" />
	<param name="Max" value="10" />
</object>

• indicates a parameter to be passed to the embedded object
• required name and value attributes tell the object what parameter this is and what value it should have

Embedding Audio Files

<object type="MIME type" data="fileURL"></object>

<object type="audio/wav" data="yoda.wav"></object>

<object type="audio/mpeg" data="particle_man.mp3"></object>

• the above examples will embed a 0x0 (invisible) player to play the sound files
• you may want to add width and height attributes if you want to see the player

Embedding YouTube video

<object width="width" height="height"
 type="application/x-shockwave-flash"
 data="videoURL">
	<param name="wmode" value="transparent" />
	parameters
</object>

<object width="425" height="350"
 type="application/x-shockwave-flash"
 data="http://www.youtube.com/v/eKgPY1adc0A">
	<param name="wmode" value="transparent" />
</object>

• this code, unlike the code on YouTube's pages, is XHTML-compliant

Embedding QuickTime Video

<object width="width" height="height"
 type="video/quicktime"
 data="fileURL">
	parameters
</object>

<object width="320" height="240"
 type="video/quicktime"
 data="examples/multimedia/win98.mov">
	<param name="autoplay" value="true">
	<param name="controller" value="true">
</object>

• optional autoplay parameter can be set to true
• optional controller parameter can enable/disable onscreen play controls

Embedding Real Video

			<object width="width" height="height"
			 type="application/vnd.rn-realmedia"
			 data="fileURL">

				parameters
			</object>
			

			<object width="320" height="240"
			type="application/vnd.rn-realmedia"

			data="examples/multimedia/flintstones.rm">
				<param name="autostart" value="true" />
			</object>
			

• optional autostart, loop parameters can be true or false
• optional controls parameter can be PlayButton, PositionSlider, ...
• more info

Embedding Windows Media

<object width="width" height="height" type="video/x-ms-wmv"
 data="fileURL">
	parameters
</object>

<object width="320" height="240"
type="video/x-ms-wmv"
data="examples/multimedia/billgsux.wmv">
	<param name="autostart" value="true" />
</object>

DOM and multimedia

// plays the multimedia file of the given type
var object = $(document.createElement("object"));
object.type = "MIME type";
object.data = "url";
...
$("id").appendChild(object);

• multimedia files can be attached to the page by Javascript DOM code
• allows you to respond to user events by displaying a multimedia effect

DOM and multimedia example

// plays the multimedia file of the given type
var object = $(document.createElement("object"));
object.type = "application/x-shockwave-flash";
object.data = "http://www.youtube.com/v/PZUTleBwiiw";
object.style.width = "425px";
object.style.height = "350px";
$("videoarea").appendChild(object);

• embeds a YouTube video in the page area called videoarea