Web Programming Step by Step

Lecture 3
More CSS

Reading: 3.1 - 3.3

Except where otherwise noted, the contents of this presentation are Copyright 2010 Marty Stepp and Jessica Miller.

Valid XHTML 1.1 Valid CSS!

Recall: Basic CSS rule syntax (3.1.1) 

selector {
	property: value;
	property: value;
	...
	property: value;
}

p {
  font-family: sans-serif;
  color: red;
}

Grouping styles

p, h1, h2 {
	color: green;
}
h2 {
	background-color: yellow;
}

This paragraph uses the above style.

This h2 uses the above styles.

CSS comments: /* ... */ (3.1.4) 

/* This is a comment.
  It can span many lines in the CSS file. */
p {
	color: red;
	background-color: aqua;
}

W3C CSS Validator (3.2.6) 

<p>
	<a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">
		<img src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss"
			alt="Valid CSS!" /></a>
</p>
Valid CSS!

CSS properties for text (3.1.6)

property description
text-align alignment of text within its element
text-decoration decorations such as underlining
line-height,
word-spacing,
letter-spacing 		gaps between the various portions of the text
text-indent indents the first letter of each paragraph
Complete list of text properties

text-align

blockquote { text-align: justify; }
h2 { text-align: center; }

The Emperor's Quote

[TO LUKE SKYWALKER] The alliance... will die. As will your friends. Good, I can feel your anger. I am unarmed. Take your weapon. Strike me down with all of your hatred and your journey towards the dark side will be complete.

text-decoration

p {
	text-decoration: underline;
}

This paragraph uses the style above.

The list-style-type property (3.2.4) 

ol { list-style-type: lower-roman; }

CSS properties for backgrounds

property description
background-color color to fill background
background-image image to place in background
background-position placement of bg image within element
background-repeat whether/how bg image should be repeated
background-attachment whether bg image scrolls with page
background shorthand to set all background properties

background-image

body {
	background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
}

This is the first paragraph

This is the second paragraph...
It occupies 2 lines

background-repeat

body {
	background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
	background-repeat: repeat-x;
}

This is the first paragraph

This is the second paragraph...
It occupies 2 lines

background-position

body {
	background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
	background-repeat: no-repeat;
	background-position: 370px 20px;
}

This is the first paragraph

This is the second paragraph...
It occupies 2 lines

Body styles

body {
	font-size: 16px;
}

Styles that conflict

body { color: green; }
p, h1, h2 { color: blue; font-style: italic; }
h2 { color: red; background-color: yellow; }

This paragraph uses the first style above.

This heading uses both styles above.

Embedding style sheets: <style> (BAD!) 

<head>
	<style type="text/css">
		p { font-family: sans-serif; color: red; }
		h2 { background-color: yellow; }
	</style>
</head>

Inline styles: the style attribute (BAD!) 

<p style="font-family: sans-serif; color: red;">
This is a paragraph</p>

Content vs. presentation

Cascading style sheets

Inheriting styles (explanation) (3.2.1) 

body { font-family: sans-serif; background-color: yellow; }
p { color: red; background-color: aqua; }
a { text-decoration: overline underline; }
h2 { font-weight: bold; text-align: center; }

This is a heading.

A styled paragraph. Previous slides are available on the web site.

  • a bulleted list

The HTML id attribute (3.2.2) 

<p>Spatula City!  Spatula City!</p>
<p id="mission">Our mission is to provide the most
spectacular spatulas and splurge on our specials until our
customers <q>esplode</q> with splendor!</p>

Linking to sections of a web page

<p>Visit <a href=
		"http://www.textpad.com/download/index.html#downloads">
	textpad.com</a> to get the TextPad editor.</p>

<p><a href="#mission">View our Mission Statement</a></p>

CSS ID selectors

#mission {
	font-style: italic;
	font-family: "Garamond", "Century Gothic", serif;
}

Spatula City! Spatula City!

Our mission is to provide the most spectacular spatulas and splurge on our specials until our customers esplode with splendor!

The HTML class attribute (3.2.3) 

<p class="shout">Spatula City!  Spatula City!</p>
<p class="special">See our spectacular spatula specials!</p>
<p class="special">Today only: satisfaction guaranteed.</p>

CSS class selectors

.special {                   /* any element with class="special" */
	background-color: yellow;
	font-weight: bold;
}
p.shout {                    /* only p elements with class="special" */
	color: red;
	font-family: cursive;
}

Spatula City! Spatula City!

See our spectacular spatula specials!

Today only: satisfaction guaranteed.

Multiple classes

<h2 class="shout">Spatula City!  Spatula City!</h2>
<p class="special">See our spectacular spatula specials!</p>
<p class="special shout">Satisfaction guaranteed.</p>
<p class="shout">We'll beat any advertised price!</p>

Spatula City! Spatula City!

See our spectacular spatula specials!

Satisfaction guaranteed.

We'll beat any advertised price!

CSS pseudo-classes

a:link    { color: #FF0000; }      /* unvisited link */
a:visited { color: #00FF00; }      /* visited link */
a:hover   { color: #FF00FF; }      /* mouse over link */
Buy early, buy often!
class description
:active an activated or selected element
:focus an element that has the keyboard focus
:hover an element that has the mouse over it
:link a link that has not been visited
:visited a link that has already been visited
:first-letter the first letter of text inside an element
:first-line the first line of text inside an element
:first-child an element that is the first one to appear inside another