Except where otherwise noted, the contents of this presentation are Copyright 2009 Marty Stepp and Jessica Miller.
<
element>
content </
element>
<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> information about the page </head> <body> page contents </body> </html>
.html
<title>
describes the title of the web page
<title>Chapter 2: HTML Basics</title>
head
of the page<p>
(2.1.3)
paragraphs of text (block)
<p>You're not your job. You're not how much money you have in the bank. You're not the car you drive. You're not the contents of your wallet. You're not your khakis. You're the all-singing, all-dancing crap of the world.</p>
body
of the page<h1>
,
<h2>
, ...,
<h6>
headings to separate major areas of the page (block)
<h1>University of Whoville</h1> <h2>Department of Computer Science</h2> <h3>Sponsored by Micro$oft</h3>
<hr>
a horizontal line to visually separate sections of a page (block)
<p>First paragraph</p> <hr /> <p>Second paragraph</p>
/>
<
element attribute="
value"
attribute="
value">
content </
element>
<a href="page2.html">Next page</a>
<
element attribute="
value"
attribute="
value" />
<hr />
<img src="bunny.jpg" alt="pic from Easter" />
<a>
(2.1.4)
links, or "anchors", to other pages (inline)
<p> Search <a href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a> or our <a href="lectures.html">Lecture Notes</a>. </p>
href
attribute to specify the destination URL
p
or h1
<img>
inserts a graphical image into the page (inline)
<img src="images/gollum.jpg" alt="Gollum from LOTR" />
src
attribute specifies the image URLalt
attribute describing the image<a href="http://theonering.net/"> <img src="images/gandalf.jpg" alt="Gandalf from LOTR" title="You shall not pass!" /> </a>
a
anchor, the image will become a linktitle
attribute specifies an optional tooltip<br>
forces a line break in the middle of a block element (inline)
<p>Teddy said it was a hat, <br /> So I put it on.</p> <p>Now Daddy's sayin', <br /> Where the heck's the toilet plunger gone?</p>
br
should be immediately closed with />
br
should not be used to separate paragraphs or used multiple times in a row to create spacing<!--
... -->
comments to document your HTML file or "comment out" text
<!-- My web page, by Suzy Student CSE 190 D, Spring 2048 --> <p>CSE courses are <!-- NOT --> a lot of fun!</p>
--
<em>
, <strong>
em
: emphasized text (usually rendered in italic)
strong
: strongly emphasized text (usually rendered in bold)
<p> HTML is <em>really</em>, <strong>REALLY</strong> fun! </p>
Bad:
<p> HTML is <em>really, <strong>REALLY</em> lots of</strong> fun! </p>
<ul>
,
<li>
(2.2.1)
ul
represents a bulleted list of items (block)
li
represents a single item within the list (block)
<ul> <li>No shoes</li> <li>No shirt</li> <li>No problem!</li> </ul>
<ul> <li>Simpsons: <ul> <li>Homer</li> <li>Marge</li> </ul> </li> <li>Family Guy: <ul> <li>Peter</li> <li>Lois</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
<ol>
ol
represents a numbered list of items (block)
<p>RIAA business model:</p> <ol> <li>Sue customers for copying music</li> <li>???</li> <li>Profit!</li> </ol>
<p> <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"> <img src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-xhtml11" alt="Validate" /> </a> </p>
<p> <font face="Arial">Welcome to Greasy Joe's.</font> You will <b>never</b>, <i>ever</i>, <u>EVER</u> beat <font size="+4" color="red">OUR</font> prices! </p>
b
, i
, u
, and font
are discouraged in strict XHTML
<link>
(3.1.2)
<head> ... <link href="filename" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> ... </head>
<link href="style.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
.css
file (preferred)selector { property: value; property: value; ... property: value; }
p { font-family: sans-serif; color: red; }
*
selects all elements
p { color: red; background-color: yellow; }
This paragraph uses the style above.
property | description |
---|---|
color
|
color of the element's text |
background-color
|
color that will appear behind the element |
p { color: red; } h2 { color: rgb(128, 0, 196); } h4 { color: #FF8800; }
This paragraph uses the first style above.
aqua
, black
, blue
, fuchsia
, gray
, green
, lime
, maroon
, navy
, olive
, purple
, red
, silver
, teal
, white
(white), yellow
property | description |
---|---|
font-family
|
which font will be used |
font-size
|
how large the letters will be drawn |
font-style
|
used to enable/disable italic style |
font-weight
|
used to enable/disable bold style |
Complete list of font properties |
font-family
p { font-family: Georgia; } h2 { font-family: "Courier New"; }
This paragraph uses the first style above.
font-family
p { font-family: Garamond, "Times New Roman", serif; }
This paragraph uses the above style.
font-family
value ensures that every computer will use a valid fontfont-size
p { font-size: 14pt; }
This paragraph uses the style above.
px
) vs. point (pt
) vs. m-size (em
)16px
, 16pt
, 1.16em
xx-small
, x-small
, small
, medium
, large
, x-large
, xx-large
, smaller
, larger
90%
, 120%
pt
specifies number of point, where a point is 1/72 of an inch onscreenpx
specifies a number of pixels on the screenem
specifies number of m-widths, where 1 em is equal to the font's current sizefont-weight
,
font-style
p { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; }
This paragraph uses the style above.
normal
to turn them off (e.g. headings)