// Tyler Mi
// Short program showing the benefits of polymorphism

import java.util.*;

public class Pets {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Dog d = new Dog("Cerberus", "Hellhound", 1000, 0);
      Cat c = new Cat("Garfield", "Orange Tabby", 10, 2, 100);
      
      List<Animal> pets = new LinkedList<>();
      pets.add(d);
      pets.add(c);
      
      for (Animal pet : pets) {
         System.out.println(pet.getName());
         System.out.println(pet);
         pet.greet();    
      }
      
      Animal pet = new Dog("Cerberus", "Hellhound", 1000, 0);
      
      // The following line of code will have a compiler error
      // because Java checks if the declared type of pet, "Animal"
      // has the fetchBall() method, and it doesn't
      
      // pet.fetchBall()
      
      // We can fix convince the compiler that "pet" is a Dog for a
      // method call by casting it!
      ((Dog) pet).fetchBall();
      
      // Note that we can also put a "Cat" object in the "pet" variable
      // because the type of the variable is Animal, so it can hold any Animal!
      pet = new Cat("Garfield", "Orange Tabby", 10, 2, 100);
      
      // We can still do the same cast to trick Java into thinking 
      // the "pet" variable can call fetchBall, but we run into a 
      // ClassCastException when we are running the code, because a 
      // Cat is not a "suitable replacement" for a Dog, ie. it's not 
      // a subclass
      ((Dog) pet).fetchBall();
   }
}