//University of Washington

//CSE143 Project2

//Name: Artem Zhurid
//Section: JG
//Compiled Using: Copy paste in notepad
//Title: Calculator History Timeline
//Description: known historical points relating to calculators
//Source: http://www.geocities.com/oldcalculators/timeline.html
1902
Curt Herzstark, inventor of the Curta Calculator, Born in Vienna, Austria
Heinrich & Margarete Diehl begin business as a metal artwork foundry (Beginning of Diehl Corp.) 
1903
Union Schreibmaschinen GmbH founded in Berlin. (Beginnings of Olympia International)
1905
American Arithmometer Co. renamed to "Burroughs Adding Machine Co."
1908
Yasui Sewing Machine Co. established (precursor to Brother)
Camillo Olivetti founds Ing. G. Olivetti & Co., S.p.A., in Ivrea, Italy, manufacturing typewriters
1910
Konrad Zuse born in Berlin, Germany
Sperry Gyroscope Co. founded
Brothers Rodney and Alfred Marchant begin manufacturing calculating machines in Oakland, California
Namihei Odaira founds Hitachi, Ltd.
1911
Tabulating Machine Co. changes name to Computing, Tabulating and Recording Co. (CTR), later becomes IBM.
1912
Jay R. Monroe and Frank Baldwin establish the Monroe Calculator Co.
David Packard, co-founder of Hewlett Packard, born in Pueblo, Colorado
1913
Marchant brothers incorporate calculator business as Marchant Calculating Machine Co.
1915
Tokuji Hayakawa founds the beginnings of Sharp Corp.
Tadashi Sasaki born in Taiwan
1917
Tadao Kashio born, Nangoku City, Japan
1918
Victor Adding Machine Co. founded in Chicago, IL, by Carl Buehler
1919
The first Victor Adding Machine, the Model 110, is introduced
1920
An Wang born in Shanghai, China (Future founder of Wang Laboratories)
1922
Laurence Marshall and Vannevar Bush found American Appliance Co. (becomes Raytheon)
1923
Birth of Jack Kilby, inventor of the first experimental Integrated Circuit
1924
Computing, Tabulating, and Recording Co. changes name to International Business Machines (IBM)
1925
Due to a name clash, American Appliance Co. changes name to Raytheon Co.
Heinz Nixdorf born in Paderborn, Germany
1927
Remington Typewriter Co. and Rand Kardex Merge to form Remington Rand
Remington Rand purchases Powers Accounting Machine Co.
Birth of Robert Noyce, inventor of the first practical Integrated Circuit, and co-founder of Integrated Electronics (Intel)
1928
Nippon Calculating Machine Co. Ltd. founded in Osaka, Japan
Brand name "Brother" created by Yasui Sewing Machine Co.
Paul Galvin founds Galvin Manufacturing Corp., in Chicago, Illinois (Precursor to Motorola)
1929
Massimo Rinaldi, Designer and patent holder of IME Calculators
Carl Friden leaves as head of design department of Marchant Calculating Machine Co.
December 13, 1929
Idek Tramielski (Jack Tramiel) Born in Lodz, Poland.
1930
Geophysical Service founded. (Precursor to Texas Instruments)
Union Schreibmaschinen GmbH moves from Berlin to Erfürt Germany.
Union Schreibmaschinen GmbH renamed to "Europa Schreibmaschinen AG", creates the brand name "Olympia" for their typewriters
Dorr Eugene Felt, co-founder of Felt & Tarrant, passes away
Birth of Pier Giorgio Perotto, designer of the Olivetti Programma 101 programmable electronic calculator
1932
Carl Buehler, fouder of Victor Adding Machine Co., passes away
1933
Birth of William Kahn, designer of Mathatronics Mathatron calculator
Sperry Corp. formed
1934
Friden Calculating Machine, Co., begins business in Oakland, California
Yasui Sewing Machine Co. formed into Nippon Sewing Machine Mfg. Co. established (Now Brother Industries, Ltd.)
Barry Wright Corp. founded (later purchased Mathatronics, Inc.)
1935
IBM announces the 601 Multiplying Punch (electro-mechanical punched-card calculator)
1936
Europa Schreibmaschinen AG renamed Olympia Büromaschinen Werke AG (Olympia Office Machine Works)
Friden Calculating Machine, Co., moves to San Leandro, California
1937
Precision Optical Industry Co., Ltd. founded (Precursor to Canon)
Marcian (Ted) Hoff, designer of the first microprocessor, born in Rochester, New York
1938
Konrad Zuse completes the mostly mechanical V1 (later known as Z1), a prototype of a programmable calculating machine using binary elements
Incorporation of Geophysical Service (precursor of Texas Instruments)
1939
Hewlett Packard founded in Palo Alto, California
Tokyo Electric Co. and Shibaura Engineering Works Co., Ltd. merge to form Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. (later, Toshiba)
Clary Corp. founded by Hugh L. Clary
Geophysical Service Inc.(GSI) changes name to Coronado Corp., GSI continues as subsidiary.
Construction of Bell Laboratories' relay-based "Complex Number Calculator" begins
Bell Laboratories' relay-based "Complex Number Calculator" completed [First Relay-Based General Purpose Calculator]
1940
Public Domonstration of Bell Labs' "Complex Number Calculator" [First "Remote Control" Calculator]
1941
GSI Subsidiary of Coronado Corp. sold
Konrad Zuse completes the V3 (later known as Z3) relay-based programmable calculator
1942
Michael James Cochran born in Daytona Beach, Florida
Tokuji Hawakawa's Company changes business name to "Hayakawa Electric Industry Co., Ltd."
1943
Harvard Mark I (also called ASCC, for Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator) completed
Curt Herzstark begins design of what becomes the Curta calculator while imprisoned in German concentration camp
Masatoshi Shima born in Shizuoka, Japan
Bell Labs completes the programmable "Model II Relay Calculator"
1945
Carl Friden, founder of Friden Calculating Machine Co., passes away
Walter S. Johnson assumes role as President of Friden Calculating Machine Co.
1946
Tektronix founded by Jack Murdock and Howard Vollum
Tadao Kashio founds "Kashio Seisansho" (Kashio Manufacturing, later "Casio Computer Co., Ltd.")
Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Ltd. (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corp.) established (later, Sony) by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita.
Tadashi Sasaki visits transistor technology researchers at Bell Labs
Calculating race between desktop electromechanical calculator and abacus - Abacus Won!
1947
Galvin Manufacturing Corp. changes name to "Motorola, Inc."
Curta Calculator (Type I) begins production
Sanyo Electric Works founded, Osaka Japan
Hewlett Packard Co. incorporated
Precision Optical Industry Co., Ltd. changes name to "Canon Camera Co. Inc."
The point contact transistor is invented at Bell Laboratories
1948
Bell Laboratories formally announces the development of the transistor
Raytheon introduces the first commercial point-contact transistor, the CK703
1949
Introduction of the Friden STW-10 electromechanical calculator
Wyle Laboratories founded, El Segundo, CA
Bell Labs' Complex Number Calculator decommissioned
1950
Oi Electric Co. Ltd., founded
Coronado Corp. changes name to General Instruments Inc.
Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., incorporated
Diehl Corp. begins manufacturing mechanical counting machines
1951
Due to a name clash, General Instruments Inc. changes name to Texas Instruments Inc.
The junction transistor is invented by William Shockley
Dr. An Wang founds Wang Laboratories
Bell Labs announces the development the junction transistor
1952
Takachiho Koheki Co. Ltd. founded
Bell Labs begins selling licensing rights to transistor technology for $25,000.
Hans Nixdorf founds Labor für Impulstechnik, in Koln, Germany (later, Nixdorf Computer Inc.)
Diehl Corp. begins production of semi-automatic calculators
Friden SRW Electromechanical Calculator Introduced [First Electromechanical Calculator with Automatic Square Root]
1953
National Cash Register Co., acquires Computer Research Corp., forming NCR Electronics Division
Burroughs Adding Machine Co. renamed to "Burroughs Corp."
Raytheon produces the first mass-produced commercial junction transistor, the Germanium PNP CK722.
1954
Büromaschinen Werke AG renamed to Olympia Werke AG
Brother International Corp. established in US by Nippon Sewing Machine Mfg. Co.
Texas Instruments introduces the first mass-produced commercial Silicon Transistor
Parametron invented in Japan by Eiji Goto (Parametron Used in Oi Electric's Aleph Zero Calculator)
Production of the Curta Type II begins
Toshio Kashio (Kashio Manufacturing) completes prototype solenoid-operated electric calculator
The Regency TR-1, the first transistor radio, is introduced
1955
Texas Instruments introduces the first Silicon junction transistors, the 900-Series
Commodore Corp. founded by Jack Tramiel in Toronto, Canada
Dr. An Wang granted U.S. Patent 2,708,722 for principles of magnetic core memory
Remington Rand merges with Sperry Gyroscope Corp., forming Sperry Rand
Wang Laboratories incorporated
1956
Dr. An Wang assigns rights to core memory principles patent to IBM
1957
Sherman Fairchild, founder of Fairchild Camera and Instrument, funds startup of Fairchild Semiconductor
Felt and Tarrant Mfg. Co. becomes "Comptometer Corp."
Clary Corp. introduces a programmable electronic "Desk" calculator, the DE-60
The "Nixie" numeric display tube is invented by the Haydu Brothers
Casio shows prototype 14-A Relay Calculator, 342 relays
Casio 14-A Relay Calculator debuts [Casio's First Calculator]
//On this point I decide to stop.
//If you want to read more about history of calculators, go to
//http://www.geocities.com/oldcalculators/timeline.html
//End