//Technology history 100AD - 1863 //URL: http://timelines.ws/subjects/Technology.HTML by Algis Ratnikas //Title: Timelines of History //Discovery and preparation on October 28, 2002 //CSC143 student Suryandi Tjong //copied from the web page and formatted into accepted dates 100 Steam engines--machines harnessing the heat energy of hot steam to perform work--date to the steam turbine invented by Hero of Alexandria in the 1st century AD called the aeolipile. However, the aeolipile was regarded as a curiosity demonstrating a mechanical principle and was not developed into a practical engine. 1450 First book printed with movable metal type. Johannes Gutenberg printed a bible with movable type in Mainz. He perfected interchangeable type that could be cast in large quantities and invented a new type of press. [see 1452] September 30, 1452 The 1st book was published, Johannes Guttenberg's Bible. [see year 1450] October 26, 1492 Lead pencils were 1st used. 1590 The microscope was invented. October 2, 1608 A prototype of the modern reflecting telescope was completed by Jan Lippershey. December 3, 1621 Galileo invented the telescope. October 4, 1675 Christian Huygens patented a pocket watch. January 14, 1690 The clarinet was invented in Germany. 1698 English engineer Thomas Savery devised a way to pump water out of mines by the use of condensed steam. 1712 Englishman Thomas Newcomen created a piston system to separate the steam from the water. January 7, 1714 A typewriter was patented by Englishman Henry Mill. It was built years later. October 19, 1722 French C. Hopffer patented the fire extinguisher. December 25, 1741 Astronomer Anders Celcius introduced the Centigrade temperature scale. February 15, 1744 John Hadley, inventor (sextant), died. 1765 Scot James Watt further refined Thomas Newcomen's piston system steam engine inovation by adding a separate condenser. 1766 Henry Cavendish isolated hydrogen during experiments with H2O in England. 1769 Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, a French military engineer, invented an ungainly, steam-powered tricycle and practical steam locomotives and steamboats appeared early in the next century, eventually superceded by the internal combustion engine. February 10, 1774 Andrew Becker demonstrated a diving suit. January 18, 1779 Peter Roget, thesaurus fame, inventor (slide rule, pocket chessboard), was born. August 27, 1783 1st hydrogen balloon flight (unmanned); reached 900 m altitude. October 6, 1783 Benjamin Hanks patented a self-winding clock. 1789 Uranium was discovered and named after the planet Uranus. July 31, 1790 The U.S. Patent Office opened with the first patent granted to Samuel Hopkins of Vermont, developer of a new method of making potash. 1790 The "Philadelphia Spelling Book" was the first US work to be copyrighted. February 14, 1794 1st US textile machinery patent was granted, to James Davenport in Phila. January 25, 1799 Eliakim Spooner of Vermont received the 1st US patent for a seeding machine. February 8, 1802 Simon Willard patented a banjo clock. February 21, 1804 The 1st locomotive, Richard Trevithick's, ran for 1st time in Wales. October 7, 1806 Carbon paper was patented in London by inventor Ralph Wedgewood. 1808 In Italy Pellegrino Turri built a crude typewriter for the blind Countess Carolina Fantoni da Fivizono, the world's first typist. February 15, 1809 Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor (Mechanical reaper), was born. November 22, 1809 Peregrine Williamson of Baltimore patented a steel pen. December 4, 1812 Peter Gaillard of Lancaster, Pa., patented a horse-drawn mower. October 31, 1815 Sir Humphrey Davy of London patented miner's safety lamp. 1816 In France Dr. Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec invented the stethoscope. September 6, 1819 Thomas Blanchard patented the lathe. October 21, 1824 Joseph Aspdin patented Portland cement in Yorkshire, England. October 23, 1824 The 1st steam locomotive was introduced. 1825 The element aluminum was discovered. August 29, 1831 Michael Faraday, British physicist, demonstrated the 1st electric transformer. Faraday had discovered that a changing magnetic field produces an electric current in a wire, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction. 1831 US copyright protections were expanded to cover musical compositions. 1831 The lawn mower was invented in England. November 23, 1835 Henry Burden invented the first machine for manufacturing horseshoes. He then made most of the horseshoes for the Union Cavalry in the Civil War. Burden patented a horseshoe manufacturing machine in Troy, NY. October 24, 1836 A. Phillips patented the match. December 29, 1837 A steam-powered threshing machine was patented in Winthrop, Maine. January 6, 1838 Samuel Morse first publicly demonstrated his telegraph, in Morristown, N.J. [see January 8] January 8, 1838 1st telegraph message using dots & dashes was sent in NJ. [see January 6] January 9, 1839 The Daguerrotype photo process was announced at the French Academy of Science. September 9, 1839 John Herschel took the 1st glass plate photograph. 1839 The basic idea for electrocombustion, the combination of oxygen and hydrogen to generate electricity and water, was discovered. This later provided the basis for fuel cell technology. January 18, 1840 "Electro-Magnetic Intelligencer", 1st US electrical journal, appeared. September 30, 1841 Samuel Slocum patented the stapler. February 21, 1842 1st known sewing machine was patented in US by John Greenough in Wash, DC. [see 1830,1833] December 4, 1843 Manila paper (made from sails, canvas & rope) was patented in Mass. June 15, 1844 Charles Goodyear received a patent for the vulcanization of rubber, his process to strengthen rubber. November 4, 1846 Benjamin F. Palmer of Meredith N.H. received a patent on an artificial human leg. December 28, 1849 M. Jolly-Bellin discovered dry-cleaning, he accidentally upset a lamp containing turpentine and oil on his filthy clothing and saw a cleaning effect. November 11, 1851 Alvan Clark patented a telescope. February 11, 1854 Major streets were lit by coal gas for 1st time. October 9, 1855 Isaac Singer patented sewing machine motor. October 9, 1855 Joshua Stoddard of Worcester, Mass., patented the 1st calliope. October 17, 1855 The Bessemer steel making process was patented. October 7, 1856 Cyrus Chambers Jr. patented a folding machine that folded books and newspapers. January 6, 1857 Patent for reducing zinc ore was granted to Samuel Wetherill in Penn. February 21, 1858 Edwin T. Holmes installed the 1st electric burglar alarm in Boston, Mass. October 26, 1858 Hamilton Smith patented rotary washing machine. September 20, 1859 George Simpson patented the electric range. January 15, 1861 Steam elevator was patented by Elisha Otis. February 5, 1861 The kinematoscope was patented by Coleman Sellers in Philadelphia. December 5, 1861 Gatling gun was patented. [see October 30, 1862, November 3, 1862] October 30, 1862 Dr. Richard Gatling patented a machine gun. [see December 5, 1861, November 3, 1862] November 3, 1862 Dr. Richard Gatling patented machine gun in Indianapolis. [see December 5, 1861, October 30, 1862] December 29, 1862 The bowling ball was invented. January 13, 1863 Thomas Crapper pioneered a one-piece pedestal flushing toilet. February 9, 1863 A fire extinguisher was patented by Alanson Crane.