// University of Washington // CSE 143 Project 2 // Name : Kanji Furuhashi // Section : JE // Dates : October 27, 2002 // // Source // Document Title: History of Space Development // Auther : NASDA // URL : http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/note/nenpyou/e/index_e.html // // This file is a list of histrical events of world space development, baesed on the list of the events categorized in html documents by NASDA. // All the events listed are mixed and sorted in chlonological order in this text file. 3/16/1926 Robert Goddard launched the first rocket powered by liquid fuel. (United States) 1/21/1931 The German Space Travel Association uses liquid oxygen and liquid methane to launch a rocket 90 meters into the air. (Germany) 5/14/1934 The American Planetary Association (which later changed its name to the American Rocket Association) used gasoline and liquid oxygen to launch a rocket 76 meters. (United States) 8/16/1942 Successful test of the world's first missile, the V-2. (Germany) 10/3/1942 Germany launched its first A-4 rocket. (Germany) 4/12/1955 Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, conducts an open test launch of a pencil rocket. (Japan) 10/4/1957 Sputnik 1, the world's first man-made satellite, was launched. (Former Soviet Union) 1/31/1958 Explorer 1, the United States' first man-made satellite, was launched by Vanguard 1 rocket. (United States) 9/25/1958 University of Tokyo launched Kappa 6, which allowed for Japan's first high-altitude observations. 1/2/1959 Luna 1 passed within 5,000 kilometers of the Moon, becoming the first ever artificial planet. (Former Soviet Union) 3/3/1959 Pioneer 4 passed within 60,000 kilometers of the Moon, becoming the first U.S. artificial planet. (United States) 4/1/1960 Tyros 1, the first weather satellite, launched. (United States) 4/13/1960 Transit 1, the first flying satellite, launched. (United States) 8/12/1960 Echo 1, the first passive communications satellite, launched. (United States) 4/12/1961 Vostok 1, the first manned flight, was launched. Pilot Yuri Gagarin flew around the Earth once before returning, becoming the world's first man in space. (Former Soviet Union) 5/5/1961 Freedom 7 was the first manned U.S. space flight, lasting 15 minutes. (United States) 2/20/1962 Friendship 7 became the first manned orbital flight. John Glenn orbited the Earth three times. (United States) 4/26/1962 Britain launched Ariel 1, its first satellite, with cooperation from the United States. (Britain) 7/10/1962 Telstar 1, the first active communications satellite, launched. (United States) 8/11/1962 Vostok 3 and Vostok 4 flew in formation. (Former Soviet Union) 8/27/1962 Mariner 2 passed about 35,000 kilometers of Venus. It measured the planet's temperature. (United States) 9/29/1962 Canada launched Alouette 1, its first satellite, with cooperation from the United States. (Canada) 10/31/1962 Anna 1, the first land surveying satellite, launched. (United States) 2/14/1963 Sincom 1, a geostationary satellite, launched. (United States) 6/16/1963 Valentina Tereshkova became the world's first female in space on Vostok 6. (Former Soviet Union) 11/23/1963 Relay 1 allowed for the first satellite telecast between Japan and the United States. 10/10/1964 Sincom 3 beamed the opening of the Tokyo Olympic Games to the world. 11/28/1964 Mariner 4 approached about 9,800 kilometers of Mars. It sent back to Earth photos of the Martian surface and observed its atmosphere. (United States) 12/15/1964 A joint U.S.-Italian mission launched San Marco 1, Italy's first satellite. (Italy) 3/18/1965 Alexsei Leonov, a cosmonaut on Voskhod 2, became the first person to complete a space walk. (Former Soviet Union) 3/21/1965 Ranger 9 landed in the Alphonsus Range crater on the Moon. It sent back 5,814 photos and the first televised images from the Moon. (United States) 4/6/1965 Early Bird (Intelsat 1), the first commercial communications satellite, launched. 4/23/1965 Television images broadcast by Molniya 1, the first Soviet communications satellite. (Former Soviet Union) 6/3/1965 Edward White, an astronaut on Gemini 4, became the first American to complete a space walk. (United States) 7/18/1965 ZOND 3 passed about 10,000 kilometers of the Moon and sent back photos of its hidden side. (Former Soviet Union) 11/26/1965 France launched its first satellite Diamant A. (France) 12/4/1965 Gemini 7 flew for about 14 days, orbiting the Earth 206 times. Gemini 6 and Gemini 7 completed the first rendezvous of vehicles in space. (United States) 12/16/1965 Pioneer 6 reached inward from Earth's orbit around the Sun. (United States) 1/31/1966 Luna 9 completed the first soft-landing on the Moon, arriving at the Sea of Storms. It took photos of the Moon's surface. (Former Soviet Union) 2/3/1966 Essa 1, the first satellite to provide weather forecasts, launched. (United States) 8/17/1966 Pioneer 7 reached outward from Earth's orbit around the Sun. (United States) 4/17/1967 Surveyor 3 completed a soft-landing at the Sea of Storms. It sent back 6,315 photos, including the first color images. It also provide data on soil samples. (United States) 4/23/1967 The parachute on Soyuz 1 failed to open on landing, crashing into the Earth. Vladimir Komonov, the cosmonaut piloting the craft, became the first fatality of space. (Former Soviet Union) 11/11/1967 Surveyor 6 completed a soft-landing on the Moon. It used retro-rockets to jump on the Moon's surface. It sent back 30,065 photos and data on soil samples. (United States) 12/13/1967 Pioneer 8 reached outward from Earth's orbit around the Sun. (United States) 9/15/1968 ZOND 5 flew around the Moon and successfully returned to Earth (where it was collected from the Indian Ocean). (Former Soviet Union) 9/17/1968 Space Science Research Center launched its first rockets from the Tanegashima Space Center (NAL-16-1, SB-IIA-9, LS-C-D). (Japan) 11/8/1968 Pioneer 9 reached inward from Earth's orbit around the Sun. (United States) 12/21/1968 Apollo 8 became the first manned space craft to orbit the moon. (United States) 12/27/1968 A Saturn V rocket was used in a test launch of an Apollo craft. (United States) 5/18/1969 Apollo 10, carrying the first lunar landing craft to make a soft-landing, flew to the Moon. It flew around the Moon and tested the functionality of the lunar landing craft. (United States) 7/16/1969 Apollo 11 set off on the first manned mission to the Moon. Crew landed in the Sea of Tranquillity and spent 21 hours, 36 minutes on the Moon's surface. They brought back to Earth 22 kilograms of rock samples. (United States) 7/20/1969 Neil Armstrong, captain of the Apollo 11 mission, became the first person in history to walk on the moon. (United States) 2/11/1970 Japan launched its first satellite using a Lambda 4S rocket. (Japan) 4/24/1970 China launched its first satellite Dong Fang Hong. (China) 7/21/1970 Mars 4 approached within 2,200 kilometers of Mars and sent back to Earth photos of the planet. (Former Soviet Union) 8/17/1970 Venera 7 was launched. It later completed the first successful soft-landing on Venus. (Former Soviet Union) 9/12/1970 Luna 16 became a satellite of the Moon and later made a soft landing in the Sea of Tranquillity. It collected rock samples and sent them back to Earth. (Former Soviet Union) 9/25/1970 University of Tokyo launched an M-4S rocket. (Japan) 4/19/1971 Salyut 1, a space station, launched, remained operative until October 11, 1971. (Former Soviet Union) 5/30/1971 Mariner 9 went into orbit around Mars. It took photos of 70 percent of the Martian surface. (United States) 6/6/1971 Soyuz 11 completed a docking with the Salyut Space Station, exchanging three crew members. (Former Soviet Union) 3/3/1972 Pioneer 10 approached within 131,500 kilometers of Jupiter. It sent back to Earth photos of Jupiter and its moons. It then moved on to pass Neptune's orbit. (United States) 12/7/1972 Apollo 17 made the 6th manned landing on the Moon and spent 74 hours and 59 minutes. It used a lunar vehicle and inspected the Moon's surface. (United States) 4/3/1973 Salyut 2 launched, remained operative until May 28, 1973. No Soyuz craft launched for docking (believed to be because it would allow for destruction of the craft). 4/6/1973 Pioneer 11 approached within 41,000 kilometers of Jupiter, sending back to Earth photos of the planet and its moons, as well as numerous measurements. It moved on to Saturn, approaching within 214,000 kilometers and sending back to Earth photos of Saturn and its moons, as well as numerous measurements. It then continued to pass Neptune's orbit. (United States) 5/14/1973 The United States launched its first space station, Skylab1. Three different teams manned the space station until it fell to Earth. (United States) 11/3/1973 Mariner 10 observed Venus passing about 5,760 kilometers of its surface, then moved on to Mercury. It approached about 317 kilometers of the Mercury's surface, took photos and measured Mercury's temperature and calculated its magnetic levels. (United States) 11/16/1973 Skylab 4 docked with Skylab 1 and its crew stayed in space for about 84 days. (United States) 6/25/1974 Salyut 3 launched, remained operative until January 24, 1975. 7/5/1974 Salyut 3 docked with Soyuz 14. 11/21/1974 Molniya III, a new type of communications satellite, launched. (Former Soviet Union) 12/10/1974 Helios 1 approached to within 0.3 AU of the Sun. (Its probe was made by the former West Germany). (United States) 12/26/1974 Salyut 4 launched, remained operative until February 3, 1977. 1/12/1975 Salyut 4 docked with Soyuz 17. 4/19/1975 India launched its first satellite, Aryabhata. (India) 5/26/1975 Salyut 4 docked with Soyuz 18. 7/15/1975 Soyuz 19 launched. (Former Soviet Union) 7/18/1975 Apollo 18 and Soyuz 19 successfully completed the first docking, and crews from each craft exchanged visits. (Former Soviet Union & United States) 8/20/1975 Viking 1, a Mars explorer craft, was launched. (United States) 11/19/1975 Salyut 4 docked with Soyuz 20. 1/15/1976 Helios 2 approached within 0.29 AU of the Sun. (Its probe was made by the former West Germany) (United States) 6/22/1976 Salyut 5 launched, remained operative until August 8, 1977. 2/8/1976 Salyut 5 docked with Soyuz 21. 2/8/1977 Salyut 5 docked with Soyuz 24. 8/20/1977 Voyager 2 passed within 650,000 kilometers of Jupiter. It then operated all sorts of observation of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. (United States) 9/5/1977 Voyager 1 passed within 278,000 kilometers of Jupiter, then moved on to Saturn. (United States) 8/8/1978 Pioneer Venus 2 measured the composition of Venus' atmosphere. (United States) 8/12/1978 ICE approached within 7,800 kilometers of Giacobini-Zinner Comet and observed the phenomena. It later approached within 32 million kilometers of Halley's Comet and observed that body. (United States) 10/24/1978 Czechoslovakia launched its first satellite, Magion, with the use of a Soviet rocket. (Czechoslovakia) 12/24/1979 European Space Agency (ESA) launched an Ariane rocket. 7/18/1980 India launched its first satellite ROHINI without assistance from another country. (India) 11/4/1980 Venera 14 landed on Venus and sent photos back to Earth. (Former Soviet Union) 11/13/1980 Voyager 1 sent back photos of Saturn and its moons. (United States) 11/27/1980 Soyuz T-3 docked with Salyut 6 and the cargo ship Progress 11 in a three-way docking mission. (Former Soviet Union) 4/12/1981 The first reusable space craft, the space shuttle Colombia was launched. (United States) 11/4/1981 Venera 14 made a soft-landing on Venus then sent back to Earth color photos of its surface. (Former Soviet Union) 5/20/1982 NASA establishes space station task force at its headquarters. 8/9/1982 Eight firms selected for space station mission study contract. 8/19/1982 Soyuz T-7 docked with Salyut 7. Soyuz T-7 carried Svetlana Yevgenyevna Savitskaya, the second woman in space. (Former Soviet Union) 11/11/1982 Colombia (STS-5) took its first test flight, carrying two satellites. 4/22/1983 Eight firms contracted for mission study submit report. 11/28/1983 Colombia (STS-9) orbited the Earth carrying a crew of six and Space Lab 1. 1/25/1984 U.S. President Ronald Reagan announces space station plan. 2/15/1984 Johnson Space Center designated the lead facility for the space station program. 4/6/1984 Challenger (STS41-C) entered Earth's orbit and carried out repairs on the satellite Solarmax. 8/1/1984 Space Station Office established at NASA Headquarters. 12/15/1984 Vega 1 moved from its observation of Venus to a point 8,889 kilometers from Halley's Comet, sending back to Earth photos and a confirmation of the position of the body. (Former Soviet Union) 12/21/1984 Vega 2 moved from its observation of Venus to a point 8,030 kilometers from Halley's Comet, sending back to Earth photos and a confirmation of the position of the body. (Former Soviet Union) 1/8/1985 Sakigake moved to within 7 million kilometers of Halley's Comet. It measured the comet's frame, hydrogen clouds, plasma and magnetic fields. (Japan) 4/16/1985 NASA and Canada sign memorandum defining space station and cooperation in preliminary design. 5/9/1985 NASA and Japan sign memorandum defining space station and cooperation in preliminary design. 5/29/1985 NASA and ESA sign memorandum defining space station and cooperation in preliminary design. 7/2/1985 Giotto approached within 670 kilometers of Halley's Comet, observing its core. (ESA) 8/19/1985 Suisei moved within 150,000 kilometers of Halley's Comet. It observed the comet's frame, hydrogen clouds, plasma and magnetic fields. (Japan) 8/27/1985 Discovery (STS51-I) entered the Earth's orbit and repaired a communications satellite. 1/28/1986 Challenger (STS51-L) exploded soon after take-off, killing all on board. Among the crew members was the first woman civilian - a teacher. 2/20/1986 Mir, a new type of space station, was launched. (Former Soviet Union) 3/18/1986 Japan agrees to space station hardware elements that it will preliminarily design. 5/14/1986 Baseline configuration for space station announced. 8/13/1986 NASDA launched a (two-stage) H-I rocket. 8/20/1986 Revised plan for space station announced. 7/2/1987 Grumman Corporation selected for space station program support contract. 12/1/1987 Firms selected for space station phase C/D contract. 12/21/1987 Soyuz TM4 docked with the Space Station Mir. Its crew members, Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov, returned to Earth on Soyuz TM6 after spending about one year in space. (Former Soviet Union) 6/15/1988 Ariane 4 rocket launched. (European Space Agency) 7/12/1988 Phobos 2 went into orbit around Mars. It later observed Phobos, one of Mars' moons. (Former Soviet Union) 9/29/1988 Discovery (STS-26) became the first space shuttle flight in 2 years and eight months. 12/21/1988 Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov set the record for staying in space with 365 days. (Former Soviet Union) 5/4/1989 Magellan completed a detailed inspection of Venus' surface. (98 percent) (United States) 7/20/1989 U.S. President George Bush announces concept for manned flight to Mars. 10/18/1989 Atlantis (STS-34) released the Jupiter observer craft Galileo. 10/19/1989 Galileo sent out a probe to observe the Jovian atmosphere. It calculated the atmosphere's composition, temperature and pressure. (United States) 1/24/1990 Management of the polar orbiting platform portion of the Space Station Freedom Program transferred to the Earth Observing System (EOS) program under the Office of Space Science and Applications. 4/24/1990 Discovery (STS-31) launched the first space telescope (The Hubble Space Telescope). 10/6/1990 Ulysses (probe made by the ESA) completed a swingby of Jupiter (45,000 kilometers) in September 1992. In August 1994 it passed within 350 million kilometers of the Sun's southern pole (80 degrees) . In July 1995 it passed within 140 million kilometers of the Sun's northern pole (80 degrees 20 minutes). (United States) 12/2/1990 Soyuz TM11 docked with Mir. Soyuz TM11 carried the first Japanese astronaut, Toyohiro Akiyama. (Former Soviet Union) Musa Manarov established a record for staying in space for about 18 months (returning to Earth in May 1991). (Former Soviet Union) 3/21/1991 NASA reports to Congress on the results of program design restructuring. 4/5/1991 Atlantis (STS-37) conducted extravehicular activities (EVA) to prepare for the construction of the proposed International Space Station. 6/30/1991 U.S. - Soviet space cooperation agreement expanded (agreement to exchange astronaut) to widen scope of U.S. and Soviet (now Russia) collaboration in space. 9/13/1991 NASA announces establishment of a new Office of Space Flight Development. 6/17/1992 New space cooperation agreement signed by U.S. and Russia. 6/18/1992 U.S. and Russia ratify treaty for study on Freedom utilization. 7/20/1992 Group lead by NASA's administrator inspects Russian space facilities and systems. 9/12/1992 Endeavour (STS-47) conducted 42 different types of experiments in Space Lab, including some for life science. Mamoru Mohri became the first Japanese PS on a U.S. space flight. 3/9/1993 NASA administrator D. Goldin orders start of redesign. 4/6/1993 U.S. President's office indicates budgetary guidelines for redesign. 5/29/1993 The U.S. House of Representatives approves the International Space Station program. 6/4/1993 The Space Station Redesign Team submits final report. 6/17/1993 U.S. President Clinton decides that the space station project will be continued. 8/17/1993 Boeing selected as prime contractor. 12/2/1993 Endeavour (STS-61) repaired the Hubble Space Telescope. 2/4/1994 NASDA launched a (two-stage) H-II rocket. 7/8/1994 Colombia (STS-65) conducted tests on weightlessness (2nd International weightlessness experiments - IML-2). The crew included the first Japanese woman in space, Chiaki Mukai. 6/27/1995 Atlantis (STS-71) docked with the space station Mir (June 29), staying in place for 4 days, 21 hours and 10 minutes. 1/11/1996 Endeavour (STS-72) retrieved the satellite SFU. Among its crew members was Japan's Koichi Wakata. 10/9/1997 Colombia (STS-87) used a robot arm to release and retrieve a satellite. Takao Doi became the first Japanese to go on a space walk.