//Student Author: H. Tyler Amick - 10/28/02 //Class: CSE 142 - JE //History of Photography Timeline //Location: http://www.photo.net/history/timelinemime //Found: 10/28/02 //Original Author: by Philip Greenspun //Date Created: Unknown //Information copied from website, then manually formatted 1727 Professor J. Schulze mixes chalk, nitric acid, and silver in a flask; notices darkening on side of flask exposed to sunlight. Accidental creation of the first photo-sensitive compound. 1800 Thomas Wedgwood makes "sun pictures" by placing opaque objects on leather treated with silver nitrate; resulting images deteriorated rapidly, however, if displayed under light stronger than from candles. 1816 NicŽphore NiŽpce combines the camera obscura with photosensitive paper 1826 NiŽpce creates a permanent image 1834 Henry Fox Talbot creates permanent (negative) images using paper soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. Talbot created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of paper. 1837 Louis Daguerre creates images on silver-plated copper, coated with silver iodide and "developed" with warmed mercury; Daguerre is awarded a state pension by the French government in exchange for publication of methods and the rights by other French citizens to use the Daguerreotype process. 1841 Talbot patents his process under the name "calotype". 1851 Frederick Scott Archer, a sculptor in London, improves photographic resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion (nitrated cotton dissolved in ether and alcoohol) and chemicals on sheets of glass. Wet plate collodion photography was much cheaper than daguerreotypes, the negative/positive process permitted unlimited reproductions, and the process was published but not patented. 1853 Nada (Felix Toumachon) opens his portrait studio in Paris 1854 Adolphe Disderi develops carte-de-visite photography in Paris, leading to worldwide boom in portrait studios for the next decade 1855 beginning of stereoscopic era 1861 Scottish physicist James Clerk-Maxwell demonstrates a color photography system involving three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, green, or blue filter. The photos were turned into lantern slides and projected in registration with the same color filters. This is the "color separation" method. 1868 Ducas de Hauron publishes a book proposing a variety of methods for color photography. 1870 center of period in which the US Congress sent photographers out to the West. The most famous images were taken by William Jackson and Tim O'Sullivan. 1871 Richard Leach Maddox, an English doctor, proposes the use of an emulsion of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate, the "dry plate" process. 1877 Edweard Muybridge, born in England as Edward Muggridge, settles "do a horse's four hooves ever leave the ground at once" bet among rich San Franciscans by time-sequenced photography of Leland Stanford's horse. 1878 Dry plates being manufactured commercially. 1880 George Eastman, age 24, sets up Eastman Dry Plate Company in Rochester, New York. First half-tone photograph appears in a daily newspaper, the New York Graphic. 1888 first Kodak camera, containing a 20-foot roll of paper, enough for 100 2.5-inch diameter circular pictures. 1889 Improved Kodak camera with roll of film instead of paper 1890 Jacob Riis publishes How the Other Half Lives, images of tenament life in New york City 1900 Kodak Brownie box roll-film camera introduced. 1902 Alfred Stieglitz organizes "Photo Secessionist" show in New York City. 1906 Availability of panchromatic black and white film and therefore high quality color separation color photography. 1907 first commercial color film, the Autochrome plates, manufactured by Lumiere brothers in France 1909 Lewis Hine hired by US National Child Labor Committee to photograph children working mjills. 1914 Oscar Barnack, employed by German microscope manufacturer Leitz, develops camera using the modern 24x36mm frame and sprocketed 35mm movie film. 1917 Nippon Kogaku K.K., which will eventually become Nikon, established in Tokyo. 1921 Man Ray begins making photograms ("rayographs") by placing objects on photographic paper and exposing the shadow cast by a distant light bulb; Eug?ne Atget, aged 64, assigned to photograph the brothels of Paris 1924 Leitz markets a derivative of Barnack's camera commercially as the "Leica", the first high quality 35mm camera. 1925 AndrŽ KertŽsz moves from his native Hungary to Paris, where he begins an 11-year project photographing street life 1928 Albert Renger-Patzsch publishes The World is Beautiful, close-ups emphasizing the form of natural and man-made objects; Rollei introduces the Rolleiflex twin-lens reflex producing a 6x6 cm image on rollfilm. 1931 development of strobe photography by Harold ("Doc") Edgerton at MIT 1932 inception of Technicolor for movies, where three black and white negatives were made in the same camera under different filters; Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Willard Van Dyke, Edward Weston, et al, form Group f/64 dedicated to "straight photographic thought and production".; Henri Cartier-Bresson buys a Leica and begins a 60-year career photographing people; On March 14, George Eastman, aged 77, writes suicide note--"My work is done. Why wait?"--and shoots himself. 1933 Brassa• publishes Paris de nuit 1934 Fuji Photo Film founded. By 1938, Fuji is making cameras and lenses in addition to film. 1935 Farm Security Administration hires Roy Stryker to run a historical section. Stryker would hire Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arthur Rothstein, et al. to photograph rural hardships over the next six years. 1936 development of Kodachrome, the first color multi-layered color film; development of Exakta, pioneering 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera 1947 Henri Cartier-Bresson, Robert Capa, and David Seymour start the photographer-owned Magnum picture agency 1948 Hasselblad in Sweden offers its first medium-format SLR for commercial sale; Pentax in Japan introduces the automatic diaphragm 1949 East German Zeiss develops the Contax S, first SLR with an unreversed image in a pentaprism viewfinder 1955 Edward Steichen curates Family of Man exhibit at New York's Museum of Modern Art 1959 Nikon F introduced. 1960 Garry Winogrand begins photographing women on the streets of New York City. 1963 first color instant film developed by Polaroid; Instamatic released by Kodak; first purpose-built underwater introduced, the Nikonos 1972 110-format cameras introduced by Kodak with a 13x17mm frame 1973 C-41 color negative process introduced, replacing C-22 1975 Nicholas Nixon takes his first annual photograph of his wife and her sisters: "The Brown Sisters" 1977 Cindy Sherman begins work on Untitled Film Stills, completed in 1980 1980 Elsa Dorfman begins making portraits with the 20x24" Polaroid 1982 Sony demonstrates Mavica "still video" camera 1983 Kodak introduces disk camera, using an 8x11mm frame (the same as in the Minox spy camera) 1985 Minolta markets the world's first autofocus SLR system (called "Maxxum" in the US) 1992 Kodak introduces PhotoCD 1997 Rob Silvers publishes Photomosaics