//file author: D.D. - University of Washington CSE 143 class
//accessed and prepared 10/27/2002
//http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~ww2oh/Timeline.htm
//Voices from the Second World War
//Timeline of Selected Events 1931-1945
//Author: Michelle Angiolillo and Amy Hammon
//Edited Web Page to acquire information
September 18, 1931
Japan begin takeover of Manchuria, which is later renamed Manchukuo.
1932
Hindenburg is elected President in Germany defeating Nazi Party candidate Adolph Hitler and another candidate.
November 8, 1932
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) is elected president of the United States.
1933
FDR implements the beginning of the New Deal with the Hundred Days.
1933
Japan leaves the League of Nations.Nazi Germany had withdraw earlier in the year.
January 30, 1933
Hindenburg appoints Hitler chancellor of Germany.
February 6, 1933
20th Amendment to the Constitution. Establishes the line of presidential succession in which the Vice-President becomes president if the President can no longer perform the duties of office.
March 12, 1933
FDR makes his first "fireside chat" speaking to the United States population over the radio.
March 22, 1933
Dachau, the first concentration camp, is established in Germany. By the 1945 over 1000 concentration camps will be established.
March 25, 1933
Adolph Hitler seizes power in Germany. Hindenburg is reduced to a figure head.
April 7, 1933
In Germany, Jew and non-Aryans are banned from practicing law and working in the civil services. Later they will be banned from a variety of professions including farming, art, literature, journalism, music and theater. Between 1933-1939 over 1400 anti-Jewish laws will be passed in Germany.
October 21, 1933
Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
December 5, 1933
21st Amendment to the Constitution ends Prohibition.
April 7, 1934
Several thousand Americans attend a pro-Nazi rally in Queens. New York.
April 25, 1934
Germany passes law restricting college enrollment of Jews. Similar legal discrimination already exists in the United States.
July 14, 1934
In Germany, legislation is passed making the Nazi party the only legal political party. The Law for the Prevention of Hereditary Diseases is also passed, providing for the serilization of unfit parents and the "euthanasia" of "the defective" and "useless eaters."
July 31, 1934
In Germany, 30,000 are now interned.
August 2, 1934
Hitler assumes the presidency of Germany when Hindenburg dies and thus gains full control of the government.
1935
Italy invades Ethiopia.
1935
In the United States, the first Neutrality Acts are passed authorizing the president to deny American firms the right to sell or ship munitions to belligerent nations. The Neutrality Acts are later expanded in 1936.
1935
Beginning in 1935 and continuing until 1938, Poland begins to create a Jewish policy modeled after that of Nazi Germany.
September 5, 1935
In Germany, the first Nuremberg Laws are passed revoking citizenship from Jews and prohibiting them from marrying non-Jews.
July 17, 1936
Spanish Civil War begins.
August 1, 1936
Berlin Olympic Games. Nazis disguise outward signs of anti-Semitism.
October 25, 1936
Formation of the Rome-Berlin Axis.
November 3, 1936
FDR is elected for his second term.
November 25, 1936
Japan and Germany sign Anti-Comiterm Pact.
1937
Japan invades China.
October 5, 1937
FDRs Quarantine Speech calls for international cooperation against aggression.
November 25, 1937
Germany signs military agreement with Japan.
December 15, 1937
The Rape of Nanjing. The systematic rape, torture, and murder of more than 300,00 Chinese civilians by Japanese soldiers.
1938
France and Britain enact a policy of appeasement, agreeing to the German annexation of Sudenten, Czechoslovakia.
January 21, 1938
Romanian Jews are stripped of their citizenship.
March 12, 1938
Anschluss: Austria is annexed by Germany.
April 21, 1938
Jews eliminated from the economy in Germany. Their assets can be seized.
July 6, 1938
International conference in France that FDR initiated to discuss the Jewish refugees.  32 of the nations decide not to admit large numbers of Jews.  Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic want money in return for admitting the displaced.
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht- the Night of the Broken Glass. Nazis violently attack Jews and destroy Jewish property, 91 Jews are killed and others are beaten.
1939
For the first time in his annual address to Congress, FDR proposes no domestic reforms but instead stresses the danger posed to democracy and international peace by the forces of aggression. Later in the month, the United States budget shows increased spending on national defense.
1939
Germany annexes the rest of Czechoslovakia. British Government pledges to aid Poland "at once . . . with all the support in their power" in the event that Poland is attacked by Germany.
June 17, 1939
The Jewish refugee ship the St. Louis arrives in Belgium after being denied access to Cuba and the United States.  Most of the passengers are eventually murdered by the Nazis.
August 23, 1939
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact announced in Moscow.
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland from the west.
September 3, 1939
Britain declares war on Germany at 11 am, France declares war on Germany six hours later.
September 5, 1939
The United States declares its neutrality.
September 9, 1939
The Germans reach Warsaw.
September 10, 1939
British troops arrive in France.
September 17, 1939
The Soviet Union invades Poland from the east.
September 21, 1939
FDR calls for a special session of Congress to repeal the Neutrality Acts.  He argues the United States could preserve neutrality and provide Great Britian and France with arms by adopting a cash and carry plan.
September 27, 1939
Warsaw surrenders.
September 28, 1939
Soviet Union and Germany divide Poland.
October 6, 1939
Hitlers peace offer, based on a German victory in Poland, is rejected by Britain and France.
October 8, 1939
In Poland, the process of moving the Jewish population into ghettos begins.
October 11, 1939
Albert Einstein and others inform FDR of the possibility of creating an atomic bomb.
October 16, 1939
First German air raid on the British Isles.
November 4, 1939
The United States Congress amends the Neutrality Acts to favor Britain and France, lifting the embargo and authorizing cash & carry.
November 30, 1939
Soviet troops invade Finland.
1940
Rationing is introduced in Britain.
1940
The deportations of German Gypsies to concentration camps in the east begins.
April 9, 1940
German troops invade Denmark and Norway.
April 14, 1940
British forces land in Norway.
May 10, 1940
Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg are invaded by Germany. British troops enter Belgium. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigns; Winston Churchill becomes new Prime Minister.
May 15, 1940
Holland surrenders to Germany.
May 28, 1940
Belgium surrenders to Germany.
June 3, 1940
Norway surrenders to Germany.
June 10, 1940
Italy declares war on Britain and France.
June 14, 1940
Germans enter Paris.
June 22, 1940
France signs armistice with Germany.
June 24, 1940
France signs armistice with Italy.
June 25, 1940
Fair Employement Practice Committee (FEPC) is set up to reduce discrimination in government employment and in defense industries.
August 8, 1940
The Battle of Britain begins.
August 26, 1940
First all night air raid on London.
September 27, 1940
British win battle of Britain. Japan joins theRome-Berlin Axis.
October 28, 1940
Italy invades Greece.
October 29, 1940
British troops arrive in Greece.
November 5, 1940
FDR elected to an unprecedented third term as president.
December 20, 1940
In the United States, the Office of Production Management is set up to coordinate defense manufacturing and supply material aid to Great Britain. Defense manufacturing will eventually invigorate the United States economy by employing many previously unemployed workers, including an increasing number of women, coining the phrase Rosie the Riveter.
December 29, 1940
During a Fireside Chat, FDR declares that the U.S. should become an "arsenal of democracy" against the Axis threat.
January 10, 1941
Soviet Union renews pact with Germany.
March 11, 1941
FDR signs Lend-Lease Bill.
April 6, 1941
Germany invades Greece and Yugoslavia.
April 13, 1941
Germans occupy Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Russo-Japanese neutrality pact signed.
May 2, 1941
Allied troops evacuate Greece.
June 22, 1941
Germany attacks the Soviet Union.
July 12, 1941
Anglo-Russian treaty signed.
August 11, 1941
Churchill and FDR form Atlantic Charter, establishing the war aims of both nations.
December 7, 1941
Britain declares war on Finland, Hungary, and Rumania. Japanese bomb the United States fleet at Pearl Harbor.
December 8, 1941
Britain and the United States declare war on Japan. Japan invades Malaya.
December 9, 1941
Japan invades Philippines.
December 11, 1941
Germany and Italy declare war on United States.
December 19, 1941
United States institutes extended military conscription for men ages 20-44.
December 27, 1941
Rationing in the United States begins with auto tires.
1942
Fighting between German and Soviet forces in Stalingrad in the Soviet Union.
January 20, 1942
14 Nazi leaders attend a short meeting to discuss the elimination of the remaining European Jews.  The genocidal plan is dubbed "The Final Solution."
January 23, 1942
Japanese land in Solomon Islands.
January 30, 1942
In the United States, the Emergency Price Control Act fixes price ceilings and controls rents in areas of defense production.
February 19, 1942
By order of FDR, Japanese-Americans living on the West Coast are transferred to internment camps in the interior of the country.
April 10, 1942
Japan captures Bataan. By June, Japan also controls the Philippines.
April 18, 1942
The United States first attacks the Japanese by air.
May 4, 1942
Battle of Coral Sea.
June 3, 1942
Battle of Midway Island.
August 5, 1942
Germans advancing in Russia and start the Leningrad offensive on the 28th.
August 7, 1942
Americans land on Guadalcanal.
November 6, 1942
Battle of Guadalcanal, heavy losses on both sides, eventual United States victory.
November 8, 1942
United States and British forces land in French North Africa.
November 11, 1942
Germans enter unoccupied zone of Vichy France.
December 1, 1942
War rationing books are issued in America with coupons for gasoline, which joins sugar and coffee. Later, during 1943, meat, fats and oils, butter, cheese and processed foods are also rationed.
January 14, 1943
FDR and Churchill meet at Casablanca and decide upon a policy of "Unconditional Surrender."
January 31, 1943
17 German Generals surrender to the Soviets at Stalingrad.
April 7, 1943
Allied offensive in Northern Tunisia.
May 13, 1943
German surrender in Tunisia.
May 27, 1943
Due to the migration of many African-Americans from the rural South to the defense centers of the North and the pressure of labor and civil rights groups, an Executive order strengthens the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) calling for mandatory inclusion of nondiscrimination clauses in war contracts and subcontracts. Between 1940 and 1970, 5 million African-Americans took part in this migration, known as the "Second Great Migration."
July 5, 1943
German forces mount a new offensive in Russia.
July 10, 1943
Allies invade Sicily.
July 12, 1943
Soviet Army counterattacks Germans in Russia.
July 25, 1943
Benito Mussolini is dismissed by King Victor Emmanuel in Italy and is arrested. He later attempts to escape to Switzerland with his mistress.
August 2, 1943
The end of eight days of intensive bombing of Hamburg, Germany by the Allies.
August 17, 1943
Allies complete conquest of Sicily.
September 3, 1943
Italy forms armistice with Allies.
September 8, 1943
Italy surrenders.
October 13, 1943
Italy declares war on Germany.
November 22, 1943
Cairo conference between Churchill and FDR
November 28, 1943
Teheran conference between the Big Three: Churchill, FDRand Joseph Stalin, of the Soviet Union.
January 22, 1944
Allied landings south of Rome in Anzio.
February 3, 1944
German offensive against Anzio Beachhead.
March 22, 1944
Japanese invade India.
April 10, 1944
Soviet troops experience success against the Germans in the Crimea.
June 4, 1944
Allies occupy Rome.
June 6, 1944
D-Day, Allied invasion of Normandy.
June 19, 1944
Battle of the Philippine Sea, Allied victory over Japanese forces.
June 22, 1944
The G. I. Bill of Rights was passed to provide for veterans after the war.
June 23, 1944
Russians start offensive on Central Front.
July 20, 1944
Bomb planted by Count von Stafenberg fails to kill Hitler.
July 24, 1944
American forces land on Marianas Islands.
July 27, 1944
Americans break through west of St. Lô in Normandy.
August 12, 1944
Germans in retreat from Normandy.
August 15, 1944
Allied forces land in southern France.
August 17, 1944
Japanese driven out of India.
August 25, 1944
Paris liberated by the Allies from the Germans. Rumania declares war on Germany.
September 3, 1944
Brussels liberated by Allied forces from German occupation.
September 13, 1944
Allies sign armistice with Rumania.
October 4, 1944
Allied forces land in Greece.
October 18, 1944
Russians enter East Prussia.
October 19, 1944
Americans land in Philippines.
October 23, 1944
Allies sign armistice with Bulgaria.
November 7, 1944
FDR is elected for his fourth term; Harry S Truman replaces Henry Wallace as his vice-president.
November 28, 1944
First American night air attack on Tokyo.
December 16, 1944
Battle of the Bulge, the last German offensive in the west.
December 30, 1944
Hungary declares war on Germany.
February 4, 1945
Americans enter Manila: Yalta Conference.
February 13, 1945
Dresden raid. Allied firebombing kills 135,000 Germans, including civilians, and destroys 80% of the city.
February 19, 1945
Americans land on Iwo Jima.
March 7, 1945
Americans find intact bridge across Rhine at Remagen, set up bridgehead on east bank.
March 18, 1945
Daylight air-raid on Berlin.
March 23, 1945
Alliescross the Rhine.
April 1, 1945
Germans surrounded in Ruhr valley. In the Pacific theatre, Americans invade Okinawa.
April 12, 1945
FDR dies, Harry S Truman takes over the presidency of the United States.
April 20, 1945
Americans capture Nuremberg.
April 28, 1945
Mussolini captured by Italian partisans and shot to death.
April 29, 1945
Dachau concentration camp is overrun by United States soldiers.
May 1, 1945
Hitler commits suicide.
May 2, 1945
Berlin surrenders to Russian forces.
May 4, 1945
German forces in Holland, North-West Germany, and Denmark surrender.
May 7, 1945
Unconditional surrender of all German forces to Britain, Russia, and the United States.
May 8, 1945
V-E Day: German surrender confirmed.
June 26, 1945
United Nations charter is signed.
July 5, 1945
Liberation of Philippines complete.
July 16, 1945
Potsdam conference ends. Meanwhile, the first atomic bomb is exploded in a test at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
July 26, 1945
Potsdam Declaration is delivered to Japan.
August 2, 1945
Potsdam conference ends.
August 5, 1945
Atomic bomb is dropped on Hiroshima.
August 8, 1945
Russia declares war on Japan.
August 9, 1945
Atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki.
August 14, 1945
Japan accepts Allied terms.
August 15, 1945
V-J Day.