//Timeline of Judaism, Christianity & Islam 1-1000 CE
//http://members.truepath.com/thevictors/timeline/
//Author & Webmaster: A.C. Victor, BAIS
//Email: andrew.melanie@victor.as
//Last Updated :  April 28, 2002
//Discovered and Prepared by: UW CSE143 Student on 10/27/02
//Edited a web page
38
Anti-Jewish riot in Alexandria.
49
Claudius (emperor) expels the Jews from Rome as tension between orthodox and Christian Jews flares up in violence.
70
The rabbinic council, the Sanhedrin, reassembles in the town of Yavneh.
73
Fall of Masada, the last rebel stronghold.
132
Simon bar Kokhba leads a doomed Jewish revolt against Rome.
135
Beginning of a period of severe anti-Jewish persecutions in Palestine.
325
Christian church formulates its policy against Jews.
359
Rabbi Hillel fixes Jewish calendar in its present form.
390
Jerusalem Talmud completed.
500
Re-estaablishment of Jewish institution; redaction of much of the Babylonian Talumd.
614
Persians capture Jerusalem. Soon after, for the first time in 500 years, Jews were permitted to return to Jerusalem. They are given the status of dhimmis, second class citizens in Muslim society, with some legal rights.
694
Judaism outlawed in Spain.
760
The Karaites reject the authority of the Oral law, and split off from the mainline, rabbinic Judaism.
7
Jesus astonishes teachers in the Temple.
27
John baptizes Jesus.
30
Jesus' Passion Week in Jerusalem. Jesus ascends to heaven 40 days after resurrection. Holy Spirit comes on the Day of Pentecost, 50 days after resurrection.
32
Philip the evangelist preaches to an Ethiopian official. Saul (later called Paul) consents to the stoning of Stephen, first martyr, and persecutes the Christians.
34
Saul (Paul) is converted on road to Damascus.
46
Beginning of Paul's first missionary journey with Barnabas.
49 
The Jerusalem Council.
50
Beginning of Paul's second missionary journey with Silas.
62
James of Jerusalem murdered.
64
The Great Fire burns the city of Rome (July 19-28). Nero blames it on the Christians and persecutes them.
67
Simeon leads the Christian Jews out of Jerusalem into the Decapolis as the rebellion against Rome formally starts. Peter and Paul martyred by Nero. According to Catholic tradition Linus succeeds Peter as pope of Rome.
73
The Christian Jews return to Jerusalem.
84
Excommunication of Christians from Jewish synagogue.
95
John is imprisoned on the island of Patmos and writes the Book of Revelation.
100
John, last of the Apostles, dies in Ephesus.
107
Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem and last verifiable relative of Jesus, martyred at the ripe age of 120.
169
Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna and disciple of John, martyred.
201
First specific Christian church building erected in Syria.
250
Emperor Decius begins systematic persecution Christians.
256
Pope Steven becomes the first head of the Roman church to openly declare succession to Peter and to hold supremacy over all church bishops.
260
First datable instance of Christians praying to the saints (Peter and Paul) for intercession.
301
Armenia becomes the first Christian nation.
303
Great persecution begins. Emperor Diocletian issues his edicts against Christianity.
311
Donatist schism begins in North Africa.
312
Emperor Constantine converts to Christianity.
321
Constantine declares Sunday the official Christian sabbath day.
324
Constantine moves the capital to Constantiopal (formerly Byzantium), leaving the bishop (pope) of Rome the most powerful man in Italy.
325
The Council of Nicea (I).
330
Constantinople is dedicated as the capital of a Christian Empire.
333
Christian Jews ordered by Constantine to abandon all ties to Judaism or be killed.
337
Christianity becomes the official state religion of Rome.
343
The Council of Serdicia.
350
Codex Vaticanus, the first complete Bible, is written.
364
The Council of Laodicea.
381
The Council of Constantinople (I).
382
Pope Damasus holds council and lists the canonical books of the Old and New Testaments.
394
Emperor Theodosius declares Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
397
Augustine's council decrees there are 27 books in the official New Testament.
400
The Kingdom of Axum converts to Christianity. Statues are starting to appear in churches with regularity. 
404
Jerome publishes the Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Old and New Testaments.
431
The Council of Ephesus.
449
The "Robber Council" of Ephesus.
450
St. Patrick missionary journey to Ireland.
451
The Council of Chalcedon.
491
Armenian (orthodox) Church repudiates the Council of Chalcedon and declares independence from Rome and Byzantium.
496
Clovis, king of the Franks, converts to Catholic Christianity.
500
The word pope, formerly applied to all church bishops, now is used solely by the Bishop of Rome.
553
The Council of Constantinople (II).
587
The Visigoths convert to Catholic Christianity.
664
Synod of Whitby, finally joining Anglo-Saxon church to Rome.
726
Beginning of iconoclastic controversy in Eastern church.
787
Second Synod of Nicaea (II).
790 
Libri Carolini (rejection of veneration of icons).
843
Synod of Constantinople.
844
First controversy about Lord's Supper: Paschasius Radbertus, Ratramnus.
867
Second schism (Photian) between Eastern and Western churches.
966
Mieszko I of Poland converts to Christianity.
988
Vladimir the Great begins Christianization of Russia.
595
Muhammad marries Khadija.
610
Muhammad's first vision from the angel Gabriel in a cave on Mount Hira begins the Qur'an. From 610 to 630 Muhammad received revelations from Gabriel. Muhammad is declared a Prophet and the Messenger of Allah.
613
Muhammad invites general publish to Islam.
622
Muhammad flees from Mecca for his life to Madina. This flight is called the Hijrah, and is the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
630
Muhammad returns to Mecca. He defeats the Meccans, destroys the idols in the Ka'bah and sets up the worship of one god, Allah.
632
Muhammad dies in Madina. His death begins the reign of Caliphs (means, vice regent). Abu Bakr (Muhammad's son-in-law) becomes the first Caliph. He directs secretary Zaid to collect the Qur'an into one and begins a military exhibition to enforce the caliph's authority over Arabian followers of Muhammad. Afterwards he moves northward overtaking Byzantine and Persian forces.
634
Umar is the second Caliph and begins a campaign against the neigbouring empires.
637
The Arabs occupy the Persian capital of Ctesiphon.
638
The Romans are defeated at the Battle of Yarmouk and the Muslims enter Palestine. Before entering Jerusalem, Caliph Umar forms a covenant with the Jews, pledging protection of their religious freedom.
640
The Muslims burn the famed Library of Alexandria containing the oldest known histories of mankind.
641
Islam spreads into Egypt. The Catholic Archbishop invites the Muslims to help free Egypt from Roman oppressors. This exemplifies the alliances formed between Muslims, Christians and Jews due to the Muslim's establishment of religious freedom for Christians and Jews.
644
Uthman (Muhammud's son-in-law) is the third Caliph.
650
Deputation to Emperor of China by Saad ibu Abi Waqqas, a companion of Prophet Muhammad. Approves building of China's first mosque at Ch'ang-an (renamed Xian).
651
The entire Persian realm is under the rule of Islam as it continues its westward expansion.
654
Ali (Muhammuh's nephew) is the fourth Caliph. Islam spreads into all of North Africa.
661
Not satisfied with Ali, Uthman's followers murder Ali. One of Uthman's relations takes the title of Caliph, and Damascus replaces Medina for the seat of the caliphate.
662
Egypt falls under the control of the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates until 868 CE.
669
The Muslim conquest reaches to Morocco in North Africa.
687
The Dome of the Rock n Jerusalem built by Caliph Abdul Malik.
700
The beginning of the eighth century sees the rise of Islamic mysticism. Known as Sufism, this tradition is marked by the iindividual's effort to establish an intimate relationship with Allah. One of the most critical passages of the Qur'an for Sufis is verse 7:172 which describes the covenant between God and the individual's soul before the creation of the universe. Renunciation is more than a rejection of the material realm; its objective is a level of freedom that promotes harmony with one's physical life, resulting in mystical union.
710
Tariq ibn Malik crosses the straight separating Africa and Europe with a group of Muslims and enters Spain. A year later, 7000 Muslim men invade Gibraltar. Almost the entire Iberian peninsula is under Islamic control by 718 CE.
711
With the further conquest of Egypt, Spain and North Africa, Islam includes all of the Persian empire and most of the old Roman world under Islamic rule. Muslims begin the conquest of Sindh in Afghanistan. Until 962 CE, Afghanistan witnesses different regional rules, periodically controlled by the Umayyad and the Abbasid caliphates and other locally-based rulers. 
717
The Umayyads attempt to conquer the Byzantine capital and fail, resulting in the weakening of the Umayyad government.
730
Al Mansura, the first Muslim city in India, founded near Shahdadpur.
732
At the Battle of Poitiers, Islamic expansion is halted in France but continues into parts of Asia and Africa.
750
The Abbasids overtake the rule of the Islamic world, except for Spain which falls under the rule of a descendant of the Umayyad family, and moves the capital to Baghdad in Iraq. Their orientation reselbes Persian absolutism. The Arabian Nights, a compilation of stories written under the reign of the Abbasids, is representative of the Lifestyle and administration of this Persian influenced government. Abd al-Rahman of the Umayyad dynasty flees to Spain to escape the Abbasids and is responsible for the "Golden Caliphate" in Spain, the greatest Islamic civilization yet known.
751
Muslims defeat Chinese at the Battle of Talas.
768
Formerly passed down as an oral record, the history of Muhammad is first recorded by the historian Ishaq ibn Yasar.
789
With the Idrisid dynasty of Morocco, which lasts until 986 CE, local rulers begin to control North Africa.
800
North Africa falls under the rule of the Aghlabi dynasty of Tunis.
827
Aghlabi rulers of Tunis begin conquests of Sicily.
857
Sufi Al-Muhasibi introduces the study of conscience into Sufism.
868
The Sattarid dynasty extends control throughout most of Persia. In Egypt, the Abbasid and Umayyad caliphates are ended and rule turns to Egyptian-based control with the beginning of the Tulunid dynasty.
945
A Shiite band invades Baghdad, and the Abbasid Empire becomes a powerless symbol of unity and legitimate government to the Muslim community. Until the sixteenth century, rule of Islamic civilization is decentralized and different sects are ruled by different rulers.
969
The Fatimid dynasty assumes the title of caliphate in Egypt until 1171 CE.
972
North Africa is under the control of the Zayri rulers in Tunis.
997
Mahmud, ruler of a Turkish dynasty in Gujarat, conducts seventeen raids into northwestern India before his death in 1030 CE. He is named the "Sword of Islam."