vNeed to write a
program to get at the data
oToo hard to get to
the data
;Time consuming and
expensive, even for simple reports
oToo easy to get to
the data
;It was difficult to
control access to the files
;People could change
data if they could write a program
–Salary
data, grade data, bank account balances
oData dependency
;Changing data format
means you need to change all programs that read the data
–Zip
code changed from 5 to 9 digits
oDon’t know which
programs are using the data
–