% IX

# today's plan

end-to-end arguments

OS support for server applications

# layering & end-to-end arguments

"End-to-end arguments in system design"

by Saltzer & Reed & Clark in early 1980s

TCP/IP

exokernel

optimizations in different levels of the storage stack

distributed transaction & replication

other examples?

# server applications

back-end: provide data services

front-end: face end-users

latency & throughput

[draw a workflow graph]

# OS support

`SO_REUSEPORT` from google: 40,000 connections/s

affinity-accept (EuroSys 2012)

Arrakis & IX

apply end-to-end arguments