1	Announcements Final Monday 10:30-12:20, in this room Closed book/notes Comprehensive (through today) Review today Project 3 artifacts Evals at end of class
2	Modeling Texture What is texture? How can we model it?
3	Markov Chains Markov Chain a sequence of random variables is the state of the model at time t Markov assumption: each state is dependent only on the previous one dependency given by a conditional probability: The above is actually a first-order Markov chain An N’th-order Markov chain:
4	Markov Chain Example: Text “A dog is a man’s best friend. It’s a dog eat dog world out there.”
5	Text synthesis Create plausible looking poetry, love letters, term papers, etc. Most basic algorithm Build probability histogram find all blocks of N consecutive words/letters in training documents compute probability of occurance Given words compute by sampling from Example on board...
6	[Scientific American, June 1989, Dewdney] “I Spent an Interesting Evening Recently with a Grain of Salt” - Mark V. Shaney (computer-generated contributor to UseNet News group called net.singles)
7	Modeling Texture What is texture? An image obeying some statistical properties Similar structures repeated over and over again Often has some degree of randomness
8	Markov Random Field
9	Texture Synthesis [Efros & Leung, ICCV 99] Can apply 2D version of text synthesis
10	Synthesizing One Pixel What is ? Find all the windows in the image that match the neighborhood consider only pixels in the neighborhood that are already filled in To synthesize x pick one matching window at random assign x to be the center pixel of that window
11	Really Synthesizing One Pixel
12	Growing Texture
13	Window Size Controls Regularity
14	More Synthesis Results
15	More Results
16	Failure Cases
17	Image-Based Text Synthesis
18	Applications of Texture Modeling Super-resolution Freeman & Pasztor, 1999 Baker & Kanade, 2000 Image/video compression Video Textures Wei & Levoy, 2000 Schodl et al., 2000 Texture recognition, segmentation DeBonet Restoration removing scratches, holes, filtering Zhu et al. Art/entertainment