Since there is an index on did of Emp, we can consider an index nested loop join where Dept is the outer relation. The cost of reading Dept is 50 I/Os. For every tuple of Dept we need to do an index retrieval for the appropriate value of the did attribute. Typically, with a hash index this takes either 1 or 2 I/Os. Since the index is clustered, we need only one more I/O to get all the matching tuples.
Hence, the cost of the index nested loop join is:
50 + 5000 * (1.5 + 1)
Consider hash-join. Emp already has a hash index on did, so we need to hash Dept. That would cost about 2x50 (one for reading and one for writing). The join itself would then cost 50+100. If we also needed to hash Emp, (perhaps because we want to use a different hash function) we would pay 200 more.
For sort-merge, we first need to sort both relations. Even if both of them can be sorted in two passes, it would cost 2x150 (though in general, the cost of the sort is N Log (N)). The cost of the merge step is that of scanning both relations, i.e., 150 I/Os.