Random Definition:Null Path Length
the null path length (npl) of a node is the number of nodes between it and a null in the tree
npl(null) = -1
npl(leaf) = 0
npl(single-child node) = 0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
another way of looking at it:
npl is the height of complete subtree rooted at this node
0
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